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Notes on video lecture:
16th and 17th Century Merchant Trading Companies
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on December 2, 2013 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
individuals, Levant, Dutch, slave, military, Succession, debt, deal, Levett, global, South, West, Elizabeth, economists, America, colonize, wealth, Winthrop, multiple, Muscovy, Puritans, monopoly, mercantilism, commodities, charity
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the rising pools of and capital in Europe spawned a set of important institutional changes
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had a profound effect on the organization of market places
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gave birth to merchant trading companies
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The Company (1555-1917)
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first major chartered joint stock company
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monopoly on trade between England and Muscovy (principality centered around Moscow) until 1698
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since 1917 the company has operated as a , now working within Russia
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The Company (1581-)
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formed in 1581
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regulated trade with Turkey and the Levant
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several London merchants petitioned Queen I in 1580 for a charter to guarantee exclusivity when trading in that region
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had no colonial aspirations
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established "factories" (trading centers) in already-established commercial centers
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set up to enjoy a monopoly trading position
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Francis (1700-1764)
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head of company
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posed in pictures as "going native", wearing the Turkish dress
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merchants brokered between cultures and knew various cultures well
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played with the idea that they belonged to worlds
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felt they were bringing the world together
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The Massachusetts Bay Company (1629-)
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chartered by the English crown to a vast area in New England
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quickly taken over by a group of , under the leadership of John
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center at Boston
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The Royal African Company (1660-)
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granted a monopoly over English trade with Africa
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original purpose was to exploit the gold fields up the Gambia River
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but it was soon engaged in the trade as well as with other commodities
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The Sea Company (1711-)
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also granted a monopoly to trade with South
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created as a public–private partnership to consolidate and reduce the cost of national
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Britain was involved in the War of the Spanish and Spain controlled South America, there was no realistic prospect that trade would take place and the company never realized any significant profit from its
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merchant trading companies
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significant was: these were no longer just
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English firms
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also analogues for France, Portugal, and Spanish
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origins of these companies
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charters granted by monarchs giving them trade monopolies in certain geographical areas
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relationship between companies and monarchs
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there was a being struck
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institutional foundation for an intensification of a global division of labor
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governments and merchants going to the next level in six easy steps
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1. fiscal state
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merchants acquire from governments monopoly rights to trade
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protects their earnings
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merchants reciprocate a certain share of their profits to the state in the form of revenue
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as trade increases, pool of activity grows, creates more capital
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capital can go to the purchase of government bonds
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government uses bonds to buy weapons, expands their military capacity that depends the monopoly rights of their trading companies
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this will have a profound implication for global power
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companies get involved in colonization schemes
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companies get rights not just to trade but to create colonies, which will produce for other people's consumption
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wealth becomes increasingly privatized
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described by in 18th century
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: underpinning philosophy and practice for the new model of an empire that was already very different than the predator systems of the early 16th century
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