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Notes on video lecture:
The Apex and Erosion of the Mughal Empire
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on January 4, 2014 (go to class or lectures)


Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
defect, Persian, cotton, ostentation, violence, Akbar, mercantilist, sustain, marriage, 1689, regime, alliances, Marathas, India, Mahal, Europeans, third, rule, toxic, peacock, Punjab, zamindar, Hindu, pacified
Mughal Empire (1526–1857)
northern , being then under mainly Muslim rulers, fell to the superior mobility and firepower of the Mughals
resulting Mughal Empire did not stamp out the local societies it came to , but rather balanced and them through new administrative practices
it's one thing to create a regime as the Mughals did, it's another thing to it, which they accomplished through three basic pillars
1. used to combine households into nuptial alliances to create bonds of loyalty by forging kinship networks
2. aristocratic nature of the empire drawing wealth from peasants
used tax collectors called
3. use of the military
Mughal Empire was pluralistic
predominantly Muslim
mostly
Sikh (follower of Sikhism, from the region)
(1542-1605)
Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death
and greatest ruler
Mughal Empire reached acme under him
established a centralized system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy
had several wives
used marriage and kinship networks as a way of stitching together a
court was multi-demoninational
architecture had Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist and traits
half century of order and wealth
apex in 1605 when he died
he rules by forced, a period of and warfare
many military campaigns against hold-out provinces
his regime used symbols
1. the throne
exemplified the power and majesty of the emperor
buckets of diamonds
silk canopy
the source of a great ceremonial display
doing the same as Louis IV was doing in France: creating
2. Taj
for his wife
very strong Persian flavors
was a symbolic mirage, by the time it as built there was much tension
Deccan Wars (1680-1707)
longest recorded military engagement in the history of India
war ended in 1707 with a victory for the
armies with several thousand elephants
had to bring in more revenues to continue war
was a cycle of war and debt, similar to Europe at that time
local magnates start to from the system
this breakdown combines with the Europeans who are hovering around the coast of India aggravating the decentralization of India
the weakening of the Mughal authority creates a vacuum
make deals with aristocrats who are trying to free themselves from the burdens of Mughal authority
by 18th century, a critical focus of this was the production of
a crucial staple of making new forms of textiles in Europe
England used silver from Peru to pay for the cotton
result was a vast new trading emporia, like Bombay and Madras
the firm that began to dominate this business was The East India Company
founded in
product of this age
sometimes would confront the Mughals
company actually didn't have the strength to defend itself against the Mughal Empire, in fact got spanked in its first military confrontation
Europeans quickly learned that they had to challenge Mughal authority through
slow but inexorable erosion of central power merging with global forces, warlords allying with European merchant capitalists, a combination for the Mughal Empire, culminating in the defection one by one of local regional power brokers.