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Notes on video lecture:
Conflicts in Postwar Nation Building
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on May 8, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
intensified, void, Indochina, Hyderabad, unresponsive, northern, Philippines, dynamic, Qun, divided, ambivalent, oil, Portuguese, resettlements, turbulent, Molotov, occupation, dilemmas, vacuum, WWII, disintegrating, Nationalists, Pakistan, violent, Minh, Baltic, Hukbalahap, Iran, Soviets, communist, Jordan, negative, fearful, Eritrea, Moscow, starvation, Poland, hopeless, Cold, 1954, Stalin, southern, center, Dutch, troops, leave, zero, communists, Marshall, Nanjing, Tibet, Ukraine, British, Indian, French
conflicts in postwar nation building
Germany
divided up into military zones of
no separate East and West Germany yet, just different zones occupied by different armies
Soviet Union
moved west annexing West (former East Poland), West Belorussia (former East Poland), Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, liquidating the Republics which had been created after World War I
was moved west
Germans in new Poland are uprooted and flee westward
Soviet playing a key role in all of these places
Asia
capital of Nationalist China had been at
but had to move their capital during the war to the of China
Japanese move out of large areas of Eastern China as prisoners, leaving a for the Chinese to fill
Africa
many colonies remained
French Algeria
French West Africa
French Equatorial Africa
Belgian Congo
Angola
South America
countries mainly stayed out of
Southeast Asia
a very postwar area of the world
is in turmoil as civil war is reigniting in China
Japanese had
pushed the out of Indochina
pushed the out of Burma and out of the Malay States and the capital, Singapore
pushed the out of the East Indies and occupied the Philippines
when Japanese leave as prisoners, a vacuum is created
Indochina
the French are trying to reclaim their position in French (Vietnam)
Americans are
French soon locked into warfare against a Viet resistance ("League for the Independence of Vietnam") which is increasingly receiving support
Burma
British trying to reclaim their position there
Malay States
revolts
Philippines
1946 Americans grant independence to the , but this republic faces resistance in the Rebellion (The Huks) which started in 1942 against the Japanese, is intrigued by the Communist example, but was ended in
India
British were deeply about what to do about India
the war had all of that
Britain promised India that if they fought on their side in the war, Britain would give them self-government when the war was over
the question was: what should an state look like?
how to reconcile between princely rulers and democratic rulers
in 1947 the British threw up their hands and quit
partition of the country
heavy Muslim areas of India created themselves as a new state called
exchanges in populations
millions of lives lost
on both sides of the lines
princely state of (center of India) retained some autonomy but annexed by India in 1948
disagreements on border with China and what should happen to
The Near East
post-war period
British
direct mandatory rule in Palestine and Trans-
British alliance and protectorate with local rulers in Iraq and Egypt
British military occupation in former Italian colonies of Libya, , and Somalia
1945-1946 focal point:
war of nerves
Russians had occupied the part of the country
British and Americans had occupied the part of the country
during the war, the Allies were that a government allied with the Nazis would take control in Iran and cut off their supply to its
when the war was over, the military forces of all side had promised to leave
Americans and British were moving out but British retained extremely valuable concession to get oil out of Southern Iran
the Russians were slow to , creating spheres of influence and groups of allied supporters
1946: Russians finally agreed to leave but this skirmish contributed to the rising tensions of East and West which led to the War
origins of the Cold War
actually an older struggle that was going on before WWII
but useful to boil it down to of people trying to solve real and concrete problems such as "what are we going to do in Iran?"
no one worked harder to solve problems like these than George
had the most prestige
given the most difficult tasks
China
met with Zhang (Nationalists) and Zhou Enlai (Communists)
Americans had a sympathy with the Chinese Nationalists
trying to help the Nationalists relocate and fill left by departing Japanese occupiers
were divided in helping their Communist friends since the Soviet Union wanted to get a hold in Manchuria as well
Marshall wanted to see if the two sides would share power somehow, but concludes that it won't work, blames both sides for seeing it as a -sum game
comes away with a image of the Nationalists
both Soviets and Americans thought that would control the game
Germany
moving towards the edge of
British and French are themselves broke and having trouble feeding their own people
but who is going to benefit from chaos? the
Marshall in
talked with Bevin, British Foreign Minister
British have concluded Marshall's plan to get an agreed effort between the Soviets and the Western powers is a adventure
Marshall talks to Vyacheslav , foreign minister
Moscow negotiations fail
Marshall had plan on table to disarm Germany for 25 years with multi-national police forces
America would pay reparations to the Soviets
Allies don't think Marshall's ideas of cooperation will work and the Soviets are
Marshall leaves Moscow in failure
is content with folding his arms, watch Germany collapse into starving chaos and reap the benefits from that disorder
Marshall feels he has to do something else
1947: Marshall gives an address to the American people: the patient is dying while the doctors are deliberating, and he needs to find a way for American to grab the strategic initiative in a world that seems to be
People:
######################### (1898-1976) [ ]First Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976
|
######################### (1890-1986) A Soviet politician, diplomat, and Old Bolshevik, leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s into the 1950s
|
Spelling Corrections:
Portugese ⇒ Portuguese
Flashcards:
which country owned Angola as a colony?
Portugal