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Notes on video lecture:
Conflicts in Postwar Nation Building
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on May 8, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
southern, starvation, oil, Minh, Pakistan, Soviets, Hyderabad, disintegrating, Portuguese, Cold, Nationalists, fearful, WWII, Iran, turbulent, resettlements, violent, Moscow, 1954, intensified, Indian, leave, dilemmas, Molotov, Eritrea, British, void, Qun, communist, vacuum, Philippines, unresponsive, Nanjing, troops, French, ambivalent, Hukbalahap, Ukraine, Indochina, negative, hopeless, Stalin, Jordan, Baltic, center, Dutch, Tibet, occupation, zero, Poland, communists, Marshall, divided, dynamic, northern
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conflicts in postwar nation building
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Germany
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divided up into military zones of
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no separate East and West Germany yet, just different zones occupied by different armies
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Soviet Union
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moved west annexing West (former East Poland), West Belorussia (former East Poland), Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, liquidating the Republics which had been created after World War I
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was moved west
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Germans in new Poland are uprooted and flee westward
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Soviet playing a key role in all of these places
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Asia
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capital of Nationalist China had been at
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but had to move their capital during the war to the of China
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Japanese move out of large areas of Eastern China as prisoners, leaving a for the Chinese to fill
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Africa
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many colonies remained
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French Algeria
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French West Africa
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French Equatorial Africa
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Belgian Congo
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Angola
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South America
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countries mainly stayed out of
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Southeast Asia
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a very postwar area of the world
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is in turmoil as civil war is reigniting in China
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Japanese had
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pushed the out of Indochina
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pushed the out of Burma and out of the Malay States and the capital, Singapore
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pushed the out of the East Indies and occupied the Philippines
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when Japanese leave as prisoners, a vacuum is created
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Indochina
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the French are trying to reclaim their position in French (Vietnam)
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Americans are
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French soon locked into warfare against a Viet resistance ("League for the Independence of Vietnam") which is increasingly receiving support
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Burma
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British trying to reclaim their position there
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Malay States
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revolts
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Philippines
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1946 Americans grant independence to the , but this republic faces resistance in the Rebellion (The Huks) which started in 1942 against the Japanese, is intrigued by the Communist example, but was ended in
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India
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British were deeply about what to do about India
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the war had all of that
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Britain promised India that if they fought on their side in the war, Britain would give them self-government when the war was over
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the question was: what should an state look like?
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how to reconcile between princely rulers and democratic rulers
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in 1947 the British threw up their hands and quit
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partition of the country
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heavy Muslim areas of India created themselves as a new state called
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exchanges in populations
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millions of lives lost
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on both sides of the lines
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princely state of (center of India) retained some autonomy but annexed by India in 1948
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disagreements on border with China and what should happen to
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The Near East
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post-war period
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British
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direct mandatory rule in Palestine and Trans-
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British alliance and protectorate with local rulers in Iraq and Egypt
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British military occupation in former Italian colonies of Libya, , and Somalia
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1945-1946 focal point:
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war of nerves
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Russians had occupied the part of the country
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British and Americans had occupied the part of the country
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during the war, the Allies were that a government allied with the Nazis would take control in Iran and cut off their supply to its
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when the war was over, the military forces of all side had promised to leave
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Americans and British were moving out but British retained extremely valuable concession to get oil out of Southern Iran
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the Russians were slow to , creating spheres of influence and groups of allied supporters
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1946: Russians finally agreed to leave but this skirmish contributed to the rising tensions of East and West which led to the War
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origins of the Cold War
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actually an older struggle that was going on before WWII
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but useful to boil it down to of people trying to solve real and concrete problems such as "what are we going to do in Iran?"
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no one worked harder to solve problems like these than George
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had the most prestige
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given the most difficult tasks
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China
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met with Zhang (Nationalists) and Zhou Enlai (Communists)
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Americans had a sympathy with the Chinese Nationalists
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trying to help the Nationalists relocate and fill left by departing Japanese occupiers
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were divided in helping their Communist friends since the Soviet Union wanted to get a hold in Manchuria as well
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Marshall wanted to see if the two sides would share power somehow, but concludes that it won't work, blames both sides for seeing it as a -sum game
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comes away with a image of the Nationalists
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both Soviets and Americans thought that would control the game
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Germany
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moving towards the edge of
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British and French are themselves broke and having trouble feeding their own people
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but who is going to benefit from chaos? the
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Marshall in
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talked with Bevin, British Foreign Minister
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British have concluded Marshall's plan to get an agreed effort between the Soviets and the Western powers is a adventure
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Marshall talks to Vyacheslav , foreign minister
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Moscow negotiations fail
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Marshall had plan on table to disarm Germany for 25 years with multi-national police forces
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America would pay reparations to the Soviets
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Allies don't think Marshall's ideas of cooperation will work and the Soviets are
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Marshall leaves Moscow in failure
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is content with folding his arms, watch Germany collapse into starving chaos and reap the benefits from that disorder
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Marshall feels he has to do something else
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1947: Marshall gives an address to the American people: the patient is dying while the doctors are deliberating, and he needs to find a way for American to grab the strategic initiative in a world that seems to be
People:
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Zhou Enlai (1898-1976) [joe en-LIGH] First Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976
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Vyacheslav Molotov (1890-1986) A Soviet politician, diplomat, and Old Bolshevik, leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s into the 1950s
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Spelling Corrections:
Portugese ⇒ Portuguese
Flashcards:
which country owned Angola as a colony?
Portugal
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