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Notes on video lecture:
1947 China: Undesirable Communists vs. Flawed Nationalists
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on May 22, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Wedemeyer, permanent, 1950, obscure, countryside, Stalin, money, Taiwan, American, French, Japan, abandon, ancient, mausoleum, nationalist, guerrilla, Nanjing, free, looted, KMT, momentous, communist, Mikoyan, hollow, late, Europe, Manchuria, Yangtze, Chongqing, enemies, 1920s, nationalists, land, lavish, use, intervene, two, Korea, Huks, revolutionary, flawed, Chiang, bolster, populous
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two models forming in Asia
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1. Guomindang (GMD)
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also known as: Kuomintang ( )
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Chinese Nationalist Party
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current ruling political party in
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had started as a revolutionary party in the
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national conservative
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top-down modernizer
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the restorer of Chinese traditions
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United States takes a lead in sponsoring Nationalist China as a future great power
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China should be a member of the new United Nations
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1943 summit between Roosevelt, Churchill and
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2. Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
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Mao Zedong
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both of these backed by international power, though the Soviet Union sought relations with the Guomindang as well
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Chinese Civil War 1927-
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not very well understood
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which is fairly puzzling since the fate of China, the most populous country on earth, is clearly very important in world history
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an patch of extremely important history
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1947 in the midst of the civil war
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if you had been taking bets, most people would have told you that the communists were a lot of trouble but the were bound to win
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communists getting some supplies from Soviet Union
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while trying to defeat the communists, the nationalists are moving their capital from to Nanjing, since much of China had been occupied by Japan who had subsequently left
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trying to fight war and rebuild state
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lands ravaged by years of warfare
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overextended, economic base is fragile
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not sound basis for currency
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hyperinflation
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background
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Nationalists using supplies to gain control along the River as well as Manchuria with its vital industry
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communists know that the key lies in
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Russians have occupied Manchuria through surrender terms with
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communists get Japanese military equipment and arms
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George Marshall sent to China
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received by Chiang Kai-shek
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invites delegation
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January 1946: agree to an American suggested truce: federal government permitting the two parties to govern regions currently held, speech, resolve issue through dialogue and not fighting
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within months, troops are on the move again
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100 savage skirmishes flare to full-scale war
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Manchuria is the main point of struggle, the industry that Japan had built and left is the prize both sides fought for
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Chiang's troops seize all cities but find a triumph
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Russian occupiers have everything factory before withdrawal
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Mao Zedong lead bands into formal armies
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said that everyone in future China would have free speech except for of the people, which turned out to mean: anyone who disagreed with him
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1946 Chiang returns government to
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historically visits Sun Yat-sen
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Chiang convenes congress to write a modern constitution as Sun Yat-sen had advised, but Chiang's power is militaristic
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with American arms, he feels the communists can be crushed
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the turning point of the war
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1947 Soviet Union commit themselves to communist victory
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Marshall had been disillusions with the National government
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stopped supporting the Nationalists as they had been
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continued to sell them arms for cash in a situation where the Chinese didn't have much
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were giving away simply equipment that they couldn't
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report: Nationalists have flaws, but we need to back them with money and arms and strategy
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Marshall quashes this report
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decides to let things play out in China however they will, and concentrate on
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1948 decisive differences
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Moscow ups its play
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's mission to communist China
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Anastas Mikoyan is top Soviet
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Chinese communists him, say Soviet Union is the model for them
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Mao is afraid America is going to soon, which turn out to be unrealistic
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congress is very worried about China
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Marshall says: we need to support Europe more than China, but makes a deal to do both
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but the help is too
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second half of 1948 Nationalists begin to lose decisive battles
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1949 communists conquer all of China
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you have to think of what a development this is
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if you are thinking about a struggle to contain communism, you've just failed to contain communism in the most country on earth
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a country that is a potential pivot in the course of world history
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in addition, it's created a whole model for revolutionary change
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come out of
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organized the peasants
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reform
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Mao gets together to celebrate 's birthday
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talk about the possibilities
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: low-grade civil war going on with a Soviet-sponsored regime in the north, and an American supported regime in the south
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Taiwan: Chiang has fled here and Mao wants to launch an invasion across the straits
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Indochina: Viet Minh in north are seeking support from China and Soviet Union in battle against South Vietnam and
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Philippines: American supported government with rebellion of the (Hukbalahap)
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Indonesian: strong communist party
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America's point of view
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hope that the Chinese will become more than communist and come to disagree with the Soviets
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America's experience with China
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you like the Nationalist government of China, but it is deeply , so what do you do
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1. them hoping to get them to fix flaws
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2. them to their fate
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good arguments for both
Vocabulary:
| firebrand, n. person who stirs up trouble or kindles a revolt ⇒ "Mao Zedong, the young firebrand." |
People:
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Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975) Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (Taiwan) between 1928 and 1975
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Mao Zedong (1893-1976) Chinese Communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China
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Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) Chinese revolutionary, first president and founding father of the Republic of China
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Albert Coady Wedemeyer (1897-1989) United States Army commander who assumed command of U.S. forces in China during World War II
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Spelling Corrections:
undesireable ⇒ undesirable
guerilla ⇒ guerrilla
momentus ⇒ momentous
Flashcards:
who were the two opposing leaders in China at the end of WWII
Chiang Kai-shek (nationalists) and Mao Zedong (communists)
from where to where were the Chinese nationalists trying to move their capital in 1947
from Chongqing to Nanjing
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