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Notes on video lecture:
1947 China: Undesirable Communists vs. Flawed Nationalists
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on May 22, 2014 (go to class or lectures)


Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Wedemeyer, countryside, Manchuria, Korea, hollow, looted, 1920s, communist, Chongqing, enemies, bolster, Stalin, late, Taiwan, revolutionary, French, Mikoyan, obscure, nationalists, lavish, land, Japan, mausoleum, populous, permanent, money, ancient, Yangtze, abandon, free, 1950, KMT, use, Nanjing, American, flawed, Europe, Chiang, guerrilla, intervene, momentous, nationalist, two, Huks
two models forming in Asia
1. Guomindang (GMD)
also known as: Kuomintang ( )
Chinese Nationalist Party
current ruling political party in
had started as a revolutionary party in the
national conservative
top-down modernizer
the restorer of Chinese traditions
United States takes a lead in sponsoring Nationalist China as a future great power
China should be a member of the new United Nations
1943 summit between Roosevelt, Churchill and
2. Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Mao Zedong
both of these backed by international power, though the Soviet Union sought relations with the Guomindang as well
Chinese Civil War 1927-
not very well understood
which is fairly puzzling since the fate of China, the most populous country on earth, is clearly very important in world history
an patch of extremely important history
1947 in the midst of the civil war
if you had been taking bets, most people would have told you that the communists were a lot of trouble but the were bound to win
communists getting some supplies from Soviet Union
while trying to defeat the communists, the nationalists are moving their capital from to Nanjing, since much of China had been occupied by Japan who had subsequently left
trying to fight war and rebuild state
lands ravaged by years of warfare
overextended, economic base is fragile
not sound basis for currency
hyperinflation
background
Nationalists using supplies to gain control along the River as well as Manchuria with its vital industry
communists know that the key lies in
Russians have occupied Manchuria through surrender terms with
communists get Japanese military equipment and arms
George Marshall sent to China
received by Chiang Kai-shek
invites delegation
January 1946: agree to an American suggested truce: federal government permitting the two parties to govern regions currently held, speech, resolve issue through dialogue and not fighting
within months, troops are on the move again
100 savage skirmishes flare to full-scale war
Manchuria is the main point of struggle, the industry that Japan had built and left is the prize both sides fought for
Chiang's troops seize all cities but find a triumph
Russian occupiers have everything factory before withdrawal
Mao Zedong lead bands into formal armies
said that everyone in future China would have free speech except for of the people, which turned out to mean: anyone who disagreed with him
1946 Chiang returns government to
historically visits Sun Yat-sen
Chiang convenes congress to write a modern constitution as Sun Yat-sen had advised, but Chiang's power is militaristic
with American arms, he feels the communists can be crushed
the turning point of the war
1947 Soviet Union commit themselves to communist victory
Marshall had been disillusions with the National government
stopped supporting the Nationalists as they had been
continued to sell them arms for cash in a situation where the Chinese didn't have much
were giving away simply equipment that they couldn't
report: Nationalists have flaws, but we need to back them with money and arms and strategy
Marshall quashes this report
decides to let things play out in China however they will, and concentrate on
1948 decisive differences
Moscow ups its play
's mission to communist China
Anastas Mikoyan is top Soviet
Chinese communists him, say Soviet Union is the model for them
Mao is afraid America is going to soon, which turn out to be unrealistic
congress is very worried about China
Marshall says: we need to support Europe more than China, but makes a deal to do both
but the help is too
second half of 1948 Nationalists begin to lose decisive battles
1949 communists conquer all of China
you have to think of what a development this is
if you are thinking about a struggle to contain communism, you've just failed to contain communism in the most country on earth
a country that is a potential pivot in the course of world history
in addition, it's created a whole model for revolutionary change
come out of
organized the peasants
reform
Mao gets together to celebrate 's birthday
talk about the possibilities
: low-grade civil war going on with a Soviet-sponsored regime in the north, and an American supported regime in the south
Taiwan: Chiang has fled here and Mao wants to launch an invasion across the straits
Indochina: Viet Minh in north are seeking support from China and Soviet Union in battle against South Vietnam and
Philippines: American supported government with rebellion of the (Hukbalahap)
Indonesian: strong communist party
America's point of view
hope that the Chinese will become more than communist and come to disagree with the Soviets
America's experience with China
you like the Nationalist government of China, but it is deeply , so what do you do
1. them hoping to get them to fix flaws
2. them to their fate
good arguments for both
Vocabulary:
firebrand, n. person who stirs up trouble or kindles a revolt ⇒ "Mao Zedong, the young firebrand." |
People:
![]() |
######################### (1887-1975) Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (Taiwan) between 1928 and 1975
|
![]() |
######################### (1893-1976) Chinese Communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China
|
![]() |
######################### (1866-1925) Chinese revolutionary, first president and founding father of the Republic of China
|
![]() |
######################### (1897-1989) United States Army commander who assumed command of U.S. forces in China during World War II
|
Spelling Corrections:
undesireable ⇒ undesirable
guerilla ⇒ guerrilla
momentus ⇒ momentous
Flashcards:
who were the two opposing leaders in China at the end of WWII
Chiang Kai-shek (nationalists) and Mao Zedong (communists)
from where to where were the Chinese nationalists trying to move their capital in 1947
from Chongqing to Nanjing