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Notes on video lecture:
Third World Proxy Wars of the 1950s and 1960s
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on August 5, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Vietnamese, wonders, bombing, divides, Diem, 1960s, two, imploding, Russell, French, proxies, China, aerial, symbol, oil, Catholic, overthrown, dissidents, Mann, Congo, attack, Vietcong, Jordan, communist, Southeast, Biafra, Arab, Cambodia, aging, local, Egypt, Israelis, Chinese, Indonesia, ground, Syria, telegram, Belaúnde, Silva, Shah, Sukarno, Hanoi, pressured, Duan
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four regions of the world into the           
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Southeast Asia
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communism vs. non-communism is an issue all over                    Asia
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Communist North Vietnam is trying to help South Vietnamese                      overthrow the South Vietnamese government
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Malaysia and                    also have communist parties
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connected to                who have migrated there
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Middle East
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the superpowers are adopting               
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internationalized            struggles
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new nationalist governments in            and Egypt are getting military equipment from the Soviet Union, as well as Soviet advisers
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the United States is finding its anti-communist allies among the tradition          monarchies
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Saudi Arabia
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private companies helping them develop their        resources
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Israel
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center of attention
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feeling pressed by Syria, Egypt,             
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1967:                  preemptively attack forces gathering to attack them
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occupied
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West Bank of Jordan river
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Golan Heights
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Sinai Peninsula
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later given back to            in a peace treaty negotiated in the late 1970s
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Iran
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ruled by the         
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took power in coup sponsored by the United States and British in 1953
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allied with the United States
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Latin America
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communism, anti-communism, proxy fights
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Thomas         , secretary of state, became expert on Latin America and supported regime change under Lyndon B. Johnson's administration
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United States was looking for that centrist Latin American leader who could find the right path of non-                   development
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Peru's President Fernando                               
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a Latin American "architect of hope"
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Brazil's President Costa E           
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his government started the most oppressive stage of the military regime against communists, which would be continued and expanded under his successor, General Emílio Garrastazu Médici
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Africa
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Republic of           
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early 1960s
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United States and Soviet Union both took an interest in the Republic of the Congo
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1970s more proxy battles between communists and non-communists
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1960s many of the struggles were still about nation building
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Nigeria
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one of the most populous states in Africa
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1967-1970              breakaway republic
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the Vietnam War
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the great Third World struggle of the 1960s and early 1970s
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the issue
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starts in 1950s after              are pushed out
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supposed to be an election defining a single                      government
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elections are never held
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Vietnam instead becomes        states
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North Vietnam
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capital           
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Ho Chi Minh aided by Le         
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throughout 1960s Ho Chi Minh becomes the            symbol of the leadership
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many of the real strings of power being pulled by Le Duan
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by 1959, the North decide to make an all out effort to                      the South
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first just military supplies to                  guerrillas
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eventually troops, along Ho Chi Minh Trail
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through neutral and weakly-ruled Laos, also used Cambodia
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South Vietnam
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capital: Saigon (today: Ho Chi Minh City)
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ruler: Ngo Dinh         
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charismatic                  Nationalist
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responses to North Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh Trail
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USA gives military supplies to South Vietnam
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           gives military supplies to North Vietnam
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USA pins hopes on Diem
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Diem becomes increasingly controversial
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high-handed style
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Diem is faltering
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1963: Kennedy's Dictaphone thoughts about coup against and killing of Diem
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felt responsible for the coup after having sent                 , apparently supporting it
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shocked by death of Diem
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he was an extraordinary character
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end of May 1964, conversation between Johnson and Richard               
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Russell was known for a tough, anti-communist conservative
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               what U.S. is doing in Vietnam
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"I'd get some crowd that got rid of old Diem to get rid of these people and get some fella in there that said he wished to hell we would get out, that would give us good excuse for getting out"
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Johnson
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feels trapped, unable to solve his dilemma
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gets reelected
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is increasingly                    to do something about communism in Vietnam
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1968: 500,000 American combat troops are deployed
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100s of soldiers are dying each week
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American                North Vietnam
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more bombs being dropped on Indochina than dropped in all of WWII in Germany, but its not enough
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America considers              invasion into North Vietnam
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didn't do it because the Chinese are involved
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Chinese have warned Americans, an invasion into North Vietnam is an              on China
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remembering the North Korean president, Americans stay back
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fight the war on North Vietnamese and Chinese terms, i.e. ground war only in South Vietnam
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although there was              bombing of Hanoi in the North
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the historical significance of the war
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for America
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               the country
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makes America question itself and its ideals
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for Southeast Asia
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damage done, Laos and                  got swept up in the war
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creates polarized communist/anticommunist conflict throughout the area
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September 1965,                overthrown in Indonesia
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the "30 September group" feared that the Chinese communists were going to launch a coup of their own
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overthrow Sukarno and purge communist party in Indonesia
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lead massacres that cause the deaths of 100,000s of Indonesians, a purge to cement a new military-sponsored right-wing dictatorship in Indonesia
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China is                    in its own cultural revolution
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for the world
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Vietnam War becomes a              of the limits anti-communist containment
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London protests to stop supporting the U.S. war
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protests in Paris, Berlin, Rome

People:

Odumegwu Ojukwu (1933-2011)
Nigerian military officer and politician, the leader of the breakaway Republic of Biafra from 1967 to 1970
  • Nigerian politician from 1983 to 2011
  • served as the military governor of the Eastern Region of Nigeria in 1966
  • educated in England
  • attractive to the west
Ngo Dinh Diem (1901-1963)
First president of South Vietnam (1955–1963)
  • accruing considerable US support due to his staunch anti-communism
  • in 1955 won 600,000 votes from an electorate of 450,000
  • a Roman Catholic, Diem's policies toward the Republic's Montagnard natives and its Buddhist majority were met with protests
  • lost the backing of his US patrons and was assassinated in a coup d'état

Spelling Corrections:

delimma ⇒ dilemma
1914: Schizophrenic Germany
1914: The Balkan Whirlpool
1914: From Balkan Crisis to War
1914-1916: All War Plans Fail Horribly
The 1916 Missed Opportunity for Peace
WWI Pushes Warring Countries Toward Total States
Why the Allies Won World War One
Post-WWI: Filling the Void of Collapsed Empires
Post-WWI Communism vs. Anti-Communism
Post World War I: The Age of Uncertainty
1910s/1920s: Modern Women
The World of 1930
The 1930s World Crisis
1930s: The Decade of Contingency
America's Entry into World War II
WWII: Strategies for Total War
1945: Hour Zero
Post WWII: Imagining New Countries
Conflicts in Postwar Nation Building
The Two Europes That Emerged After WWII
1947 China: Undesirable Communists vs. Flawed Nationalists
Post WWII: The Age of America
Reasons for the Korean War
How WWIII was Avoided in the Korean War
1950-1952: The Cold War Comes to Main Street
1950-1954: The H-Bomb and the Nuclear Revolution
1950s: Loosening Empires and Building Confederations
The Emergence of the Third World
1958-1962: The World at the Brink
Third World Proxy Wars of the 1950s and 1960s
Managerial States and the Transnational Disruption of 1968
1970s Obstacles to Reducing Cold War Tensions
1970s Democratic Socialism Becomes a Non-Choice
1980s Political Polarization
1980s: Global Capitalism Transformed