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Notes on video lecture:
The World of 1930
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on September 6, 2013 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Rhine, Persia, Briand, modern, Young, Gold, truce, interval, Grosz, inter-war, Zand, Mies, Taiwan, broken, Syria, Weimar, Faisal, Corridor, fascism, WWII, economic, Locarno, not, attire, Rivera, Danzig, Civil, Streseman, Army, commercially, optimism
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a common term for the time around 1930 was the " period"
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we're so conscious of coming, that we tend to look at the time of history around 1930 almost like a brief between wars, some historians even write of it as a period
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the reality is that life and society during the 20s and 30s was not so linear and destined for another World War as we might think, yet it was a time in history in which the world and international relations were thoroughly reorganizing themselves and could have gone many way. The world of 1930 was a world that that was being reconstructed on almost every corner. Unfortunately, with the cement not dry yet, and it was about to be buffeted by a terrific storm.
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the state of the Great Powers
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America
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very involved , financially in east Asia
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however, the Great Powers were generally still considered as centered in Europe with America sometimes playing a role
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Europe
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late 1920s: cautious since some of the differences between the major countries had been reconciled
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Treaties (1925)
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seven agreements
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First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of Central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war territorial settlement, and return normalizing relations with defeated Germany (which was, by this time, the Weimar Republic)
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led to German renewed claims to the Free City of and Polish territories approved by the League of Nations including the Polish , and Upper Silesia, Pilsudski: "every honest Pole spits when he hears this word Locarno"
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Chamberlain: "Britain's defensive frontier was no longer the English Channel but the "
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Gustav (1878-1929)
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1923-1929 German foreign minister in Republic
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1926 Nobel Peace Prize with Aristide for reconciliation between Germany and France
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nationalist, wants to hold the republic together
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his premature death is one of the tragedies of German politics of this era
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League of Nations
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up and running, creating some international organizations
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United States is a member
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becoming increasingly important, in the 1920s the ideas promoted by the League of Nations was getting a lot of attention by universities at least
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The Spirit of Locarno
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1922: treaty to regulate size fo navies, signed, reasonably successful
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regulating armies was more difficult
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Return to Standard
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with a lot of help from United States private firms working in cooperation with the U.S. government to provide loans to help countries that didn't have enough gold
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The Plan (1929)
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a program for settlement of German reparations debts after World War I
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reduced further payments to 112 billion Gold Marks, US $8 billion in 1929 (US$ 107 billion in 2013) over a period of 59 years (1988)
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other countries
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many countries were becoming mixed groups with strongly differing ideas of how to run the country
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many more Eastern European states
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the Arabs have been given states
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Prince I of Iraq (1885-1933)
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1916: with the help of T.E. Lawrence (of Arabia), Faisal sided with the British army and organised the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire
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1920: King of Greater Syria
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1921-1933: King of Iraq
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member of Hashemite dynasty
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fostered unity between Sunni and Shiite to foster common loyalty and promote pan-Arabism in the goal of creating an Arab state that would include Iraq, Syria and the rest of the Fertile Crescent
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France received the mandate over
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Britain received the mandate over Iraq, Jordan and Palestine
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found itself becoming the umpire in growing disputes
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Qajar [KAH-jar] dynasty (1785-1925)
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Iranian royal family of Turkic origin,[4][5][6][7][8] which ruled (Iran) from 1785 to 1925
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the Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last of the dynasty
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Pahlavi [PAH-lah-vee] dynasty (1925-1979)
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the Pahlavis came to power after Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last ruler of the Qajar dynasty, proved unable to stop British and Soviet encroachment on Iranian sovereignty, and was consequently overthrown in a military coup, abdicated and ultimately exiled to France
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Indonesia
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active communist party looked toward the Soviet Union
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Turkey
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remade itself into a new nation-state
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Atatürk (1881-1938)
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1919: led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence
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defeated the forces sent by the Allies
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1923-1938 first president
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sought to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a , secular, and democratic nation-state
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1924: invited American educational reformer John Dewey to Ankara to advise him on how to reform Turkish education
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1925: encouraged the Turks to wear modern European
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Italy
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through Mussolini "got Italian trains to run on time"
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Spain
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1929: Barcelona: Primo de 's International Exhibition
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Miguel Primo de Rivera (1870-1930)
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an inept dictator who lacked clear ideas and political acumen, and who alienated his potential supporters such as the
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served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era
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shows off neo-classical architecture
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German Ludwig van der Rohe, modern architecture, was torn down a year later, rebuilt in 1980s
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deeply believed that it was the politicians who had ruined Spain and that governing without them he could restore the nation
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his actions discredited the king and ruined the monarchy, while heightening social tensions that led in 1936 to a full-scale Spanish War
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Germany
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painting: The Pillars of Society, George , 1926
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the army with sword covered with blood
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church represented not very attractively
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businessmen crowding up to the bar
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China
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Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975)
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1919: organizes the non-communists against the communists
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till 1925: influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT), or Nationalist Party, and was a close ally of Sun Yat-sen
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1925: took Sun's place as leader of the KMT when Sun died
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1949: retreated his government to , ruled till his death in 1975
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Chicago
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corporatism
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businesses trying to heal the divide between business and laborer
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given workers better wage and better services
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