CLASS NOTES: Bathing, Entertainment, and Housing in Roman Cities (Roman Architecture)

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Notes on video lecture:

Bathing, Entertainment, and Housing in Roman Cities

Roman Architecture

Diana Kleiner, Yale University

Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on February 3, 2014 (go to class or lectures)

Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:

gladiatorial, experiments, social, multiple, church, hillsides, bath, multiple, frigidarium, experimentation, running, thermopolium, France, concrete, modern, Tivoli, Pompei, stone

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every Roman city had its buildings

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houses did not have water, so bath buildings were extremely important, obviously

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most cities had at least one, ancient seems to have had three

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these bath buildings responded to both a practical and need

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bath houses were also interesting for their architectural

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baths buildings had spaces in them

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men and women's section separate and the men had the better rooms: bigger and more ornate

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holes in ceiling to create light effects

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baths of Carcalla

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very huge, now only remains

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baths of Diocletian

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was still used in times

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reuse over the centuries is the reason many buildings survived

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part of it was transformed into a

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transformed the

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decorated at one point in part by Michelangelo

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vaults used to lift the ceilings

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Théâtre antique d'Orange

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in Orange,

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Greeks always built theaters on to support the seating area

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true in Orange as well

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but Romans built theaters anywhere using to build the seating area

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Colosseum

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no Roman city was without its theater for and animal combat

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animals kept down below

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many buildings in Rome were used from the from the Colosseum

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connecting all Roman cities were streets

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sidewalks have drains

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rut marks for wheels of carts

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Pompeii and Herculaneum

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ovens and bakery ovens

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wine sops

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: ancient restaurants with ready-to-eat food

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Roman house

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House of the Vedii, in Pompeii

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well preserved

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marble furniture

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paintings

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often depict buildings

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we see in painting before we see it in architecture

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Ostia

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port of Rome

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second century Roman city

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concrete face with brick

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commercial city, congested, not as wealthy

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not single story house but apartment houses with stories

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villas

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Hadrian's villa at

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a microcosm of the Empire of that time

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Roman, Egyptian and Greek statues

Vocabulary:

hypocaust, n. a space under the floor of an ancient Roman building where heat from a furnace was accumulated to heat a room or a bath ⇒ "The building was heated by a hypocaust, its water being provided by a dedicated aqueduct."

frigidarium, n. a large cold pool in Roman baths which would be entered after the caldarium and the tepidarium, which were used to open the pores of the skin, whereas the cold water of the frigidarium would close the pores ⇒ "Each building had an entry into the massage hall, a gymnasium, changing room, the bathing space which included the frigidarium (cold baths), tepidarium (warm baths) and caldarium (hot baths), and a communal latrine."

thermopolium (pl. thermopolia), n. in the ancient Greco-Roman world, a "cook-shop" or "a place where something hot is sold", a commercial establishment where it was possible to purchase ready-to-eat food ⇒ "A typical thermopolium had little L-shaped counters in which large storage vessels were sunk, which would contain either hot or cold food."

People:

Diocletian (245-311 AD)

Roman emperor whose reign stabilized the empire and marked the end of the Crisis of the Third Century

emperor from 284-305
rose through military ranks
his reforms fundamentally changed the structure of Roman imperial government and helped stabilize the empire economically and militarily, enabling the empire to remain essentially intact for another hundred years despite being near the brink of collapse in his youth

Caracalla (188-217 AD)

[KAIR-ah-KAHL-ah]

Roman emperor whose reign was notable for the Constitutio Antoniniana granting Roman citizenship to all freemen throughout the Roman Empire

of Punic and Syrian descent who ruled from 198 to 217
eldest son of Septimius Severus
reigned jointly with his father from 198 until Severus' death in 211
commissioned a large public bath-house (thermae) in Rome

Antinous (111-130 AD)

[ann-TIN-oh-us]

A Bithynian Greek youth and a favourite of the Roman emperor Hadrian

when Antinous died, the grief of the emperor Hadrian knew no bounds, causing the most extravagant veneration to be paid to Antinous' memory
cities were founded in his name
medals struck with his likeness
cities throughout the east commissioned godlike images of the dead youth for their shrines and sanctuaries