Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:

popes, antiquity, Martius, Egyptian, Etruscan, Alaric, whimsical, Aurelian, Yale, Caligula, amenities

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tomb architecture

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particularly interesting because the only practical function of the structure was to house the remains of the deceased

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therefore personal, even                   whimsical

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tomb of Augustus

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A large tomb built in 28 BC by Augustus, the founder of the Roman Empire. Although built for Emperor Augustus, it also held the remains of emperors after him including Tiberius,                 Caligula, and Claudius. In 410, during the sack of Rome by             Alaric, the pillaging Visigoths rifled the vaults, stole the urns and scattered the ashes, without damaging the structure of the building. The interior of the Mausoleum is no longer open to tourists, as looting, time, and carelessness have stripped the ruins of marbled elegance. But even as ruins, it is a dominating landmark on the northern side of the Campus               Martius.

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Mausoleum of Hadrian

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used as a fortress by           popes in times of trouble

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Pyramid of Cestius

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was built in time when a great deal of                 Egyptian artifacts came into Rome at the time Augustus defeated Cleopatra and Anthony

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Next to the Porta San Paolo, one of the southern gates in the 3rd-century                 Aurelian Walls, the Pyramid of Cestius is today one of the best-preserved ancient buildings in Rome, due to its incorporation into the city's fortifications. The pyramid was built about 18-12 BC as a tomb for Gaius Cestius and is made of brick-faced concrete covered with slabs of white marble standing on a travertine foundation measuring 30 square meters at the base, the tomb standing 37 meters high. Although the tomb had been sealed when it was built with no exterior entrance, there is no trace left of its major contents today, they having been plundered in                   antiquity. It is not possible for visitors to access the interior except by special permission typically only granted to scholars.

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Petra, Jordan

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burial table is inside the rock

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aqueducts

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for those they conquered, they provided                   amenities, including water, e.g. the aqueduct in Segovia, Spain

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traditional vs. innovative Roman architecture

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traditional

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based on Greek and                 Etruscan prototypes

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innovative

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Pantheon

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Thomas Jefferson looked to the Pantheon for design

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Library Rotunda at the University of Virginia

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very few names of architects from Roman times since the patron was more important

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amphitheater in Pompeii

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the colloseum is more famous, the amphitheater in Pompeii is earlier in date, used as a model to build the         Yale Bowl