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Notes on video lecture:
From Delian League to Athenian Empire
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on September 18, 2015 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
gold, archaic, Sparta, weights, beholden, cash, Corinthians, bastion, Thucydides, significant, Thasos, advantage, islands, Thebes, Eurymedon, first, Pericles, Archilochus, legal, meticulous, Persia, Ephialtes, helots, Delos, alarm, Delian, Athens, general, uprising, slave, ostracized, cleruchy, Naxos
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allies requested that take over the leadership of the voluntary confederation the Delian League
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main goals of the League
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1. defense against
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2. equality and autonomy for all members
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3. annual contributions from each member-state
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Athens was among equals
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had the conditions set up to come to dominate
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Athenian ability to build and man these ships reflects the democratic presence of free labor
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labor, not slave labor
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Athens had many men who were able and willing to do this kind of work
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gave them an over other states
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Athens between Persian War and Peloponnesian War with
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almost all states are either or on the coast
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year-round presence of the fleet was a new condition for warfare
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what happens next is difficult to disentangle
•
sources
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: The Peloponnesian War
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a compressed account of what happened between Persian and Peloponnesian wars
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leaves out many important issues
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inscriptions
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literary evidence
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the Athenian tragedians
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later writers
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Cimon
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personable, skillful Athenian
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Persians had been preparing to put together a new attacking force
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469-466 Cimon leads a fleet to , south coast of Turkey
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wins a smashing victory
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467 BC island of decided to leave the league
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perhaps thought the Persian threat was not anymore
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had contributed ships rather than money
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the Athenians surround Naxos with league ships
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annual contributions were changed from ships to
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in North Aegean, island of
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described with such distaste
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"bristling like a donkey's back, what an ugly island"
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465 BC Athenians get into quarrel into island fo Thasos regarding access to some rich mines on the mainland
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a kind of private quarrel, heavy handed by Athens
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Thasos appeals to Sparta for help
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Spartans had been watching Athenian military growth and movements with
•
Spartans seemed to help
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464 BC huge earthquake in Sparta
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rebelled
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used disruption of earthquake to fight for their freedom
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ironically, the Spartan asked the Athenians to come help them against the
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Cimon sent help to Sparta as a former ally of Athens
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troop of 4000 hoplites sent to help Sparta, however, was sent home
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Sparta perhaps worried about Athenian democratic proclivities
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Cimon forced to go back, was an insult to him
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462 BC Pericles
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engineered a reform with [Ἐφιάλτης]
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early leader of the democratic movement
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oversaw reforms that diminished the power of the Areopagus, a traditional of conservatism
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control
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461 BC Cimon
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he had been pro Sparta
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free Delian league becomes a collection of Athenian-dominated, tribute-paying allies
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Athenian tribute lists
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mid 450s: Athenians moved the treasure from to Athens
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kept records of how much each state paid each year
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allows us to tract relations within the league
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ships
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Athens tended to support democratic factions
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exercised legal control
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trials had to be held in Athens even if they involved citizens from a league state
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economic control
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controlled trade with their navy
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forced league states to use Athenian coins, , and measures
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psychologically and economically significant
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established colonies, or
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not same as colonies in age of Greece
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meant to be Athenian outposts constantly in contact with and to the mother city
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political, and economic control
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major events during this era
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478 BC: foundation of Delian League
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469-466 BC: Battle of Eurymedon, Cimon victor
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467 BC: attempt at secession by Naxos
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465 BC: Athens vs. Thasos
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464 BC: Spartan earthquake and helot revolt
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462 BC: reform of the Areopagus
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461 BC: Ostracismof Cimon
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460-445 BC: First Peloponnesian War
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460 BC: Athenians allied with the state of Megara
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strategically very important
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were outraged
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formed alliances with Peloponnesian states
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no major battles
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a series of bloody and inconclusive skirmishes
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Athenian domination over the League was getting more complete
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resistance to Athenian domination by Corinth and mounting
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emerged in Athens one of the most powerful leaders:
Vocabulary:
 cleruchy, n. [κληρουχία] a specialized type of colony established by Athens in Classical Greece (510-323 BC). Normally, Greek colonies were politically independent, they would have a special relationship with the mother city the metropolis, but would otherwise be independent entities. Cleruchies were significantly different: the settlers or cleruchs would retain their Athenian citizenship and the community remained a political dependency of Athens. Cleruchies were established as a means of exporting excess and generally impoverished populations to conveniently distant localities. Under the cleruchy arrangement, the participating citizen received a plot of agricultural land, hence a means to earn his livelihood. This elevated the citizen to the property class of zeugitai (those whose property or estate could produce 200 bushels of wet or dry goods per year). The cleruch would be obliged to defend his colony by serving it as a hoplite. This arrangement benefited Athens in three principal ways: (1) reduced population pressure in Athens, (2) increased Athenian military power, (3) increased the economic power of Athens, as it enabled more of its citizens to become property holders. Some early known cleruchies were nearer to Athens such as Salamis and Chalcis, but many others created during the Second Athenian Empire (378–355 BC) were farther away such as Samos Island near present-day Turkey. ⇒ "During Classical Greece, the Athenians established colonies, not the kind of colonies as were common back in Archaic Greece but these were called Cleruchies, outposts constantly in contact with and beholden to the mother city." |
Ideas and Concepts:
The myth of the Aloadae [Ἀλωάδαι] via this morning's Ancient Greek History class: "Otus [Ὦτος] and Ephialtes [Ἐφιάλτης] were two strong and aggressive giants, sons of Poseidon and Iphimedia [Ἰφιμέδεια], who also happened to be the wife of Aloeus [Ἀλωεύς] who gave the two giants their patronym. These brothers wanted to storm Mt. Olympus and gain the goddesses Artemis for Otus and Hera for Ephialtes. They managed to kidnap Ares and hold him in a bronze jar. He was only released when Artemis offered herself to Otus. This made Ephialtes envious and the pair fought. Artemis changed herself into a doe and jumped between them. The Aloadae, not wanting her to get away, threw their spears and simultaneously killed each other."
Located during this morning's Ancient Greek History class: "I finally located Areopagus rock, just west of the Acropolis, Areopagus rock being the place where Apostle Paul apparently gave what is known as his Areopagus sermon in which he proclaimed that there is only one God and all other gods do not exist, thus launching humankind into centuries of using their monotheistic religions to express intolerance for each other, or as Paul put it 'As I walked around and looked carefully at your objects of worship, I even found an altar with this inscription:TO AN UNKNOWN GOD. So you are ignorant of the very thing you worship, and this is what I am going to proclaim to you.' Well, I have something to proclaim to Paul, and that is Article 18 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a copy of which I have put on my pile of things to take to Athens, and which I am going to read on the same spot which Apostle Paul stood, thus effectively overriding his century-long disrespect of other religions, with these much wiser words:'Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.'"
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