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Notes on video lecture:
Mind/Body Dualism and Cognitive Control
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on November 3, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
incorrect, metaphorical, concept, impulse, xin, frugal, slow, expensive, weary, rationally, worry, umpf, heart, math, unpleasant, longer, mastery, cognition, conscience, opposition, West, China, chariot, inhabit, dualists, ethical, rational, myself, systems, enlightenment, harmony, appetites, implicit, cold, civilized, religions, Plato, tiring, split, disordered
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mind/body dualism in the
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very old tradition going back to people like
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seen as fundamentally in
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the faculties, the mind, trying to control the body
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Plato's allegory
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charioteer (intellect) tries to control the first winged horse (rational/moral ) and the second winged horse (irrational passions/ ) with the goal of driving them toward
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the charioteer (the mind) trying to bring the horses (the body) under control
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mind/body dualism in
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some scholars say there is no of this
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but they do have a tension between (1) rational faculties / thought, and (2) the desires and emotions
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the closest word for mind is [sheen]
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refers to the
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pictograph of the heart
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translated as mind, heart and heart/mind
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a locus of
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conscious thought
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will power
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ability to think
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cognitive emotions such as and anxiety
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mohists and legalists
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rationality controls emotions
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emotions are fundamentally and antisocial
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can bring them under control if we exert will power
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confucians and taoists
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a slightly different take on the mind
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mind reshapes the emotions and desires to bring them in
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from a contemporary scientific perspective it's a little bit puzzling why people are mind/body because to the best of our knowledge we are not ghosts in the machine
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to the best of our knowledge our rational and conscious thought is part of the body
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we are integrated mind-body designed by evolution to more through the world in a certain way
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so from a contemporary empirical system, it seems that mind/body dualism is just
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and yet this intuition that there's something different about minds, and that minds and bodies are different in kind, seems to be a universal human cognition, so why is this?
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the structure of our cognition makes us feel like we are two different things
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we experience ourselves as being in an important way
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we get a sense of this when we analyze phrases that we use, e.g. "I had to drag out of bed this morning", who is being dragged and who is doing the dragging?
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these are expressions but the split itself is not entirely metaphorical
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at a functional level, we seem to have two different modes of cognition, referred to as hot and cold cognition
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hot cognition
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emotion
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fast
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, i.e. doesn't require a lot of resources
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automatic
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mostly unconscious
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we tend not to have access to hot cognition, these are the tacit, embodied programs that we have
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the body
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cold cognition
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non-emotional
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conscious thought
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physiologically
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reflection
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our narrative account of ourselves
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these two systems interact with each other
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cognitive control
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using the conscious mind to control the unconscious mind / the body
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e.g. the ability to "drag yourself out of bed in the morning"
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the Stroop Effect
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a demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task, e.g. when the name of a color is printed in a color not denoted by the name, then naming the color of the word takes and is more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color
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you feel yourself exerting cognitive control in order to name the correct color of the letters, it feels unnatural
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there is something about exerting cognitive control
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studies have shown the cognitive control is a limited resource and exerting it is mentally
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what's going on is you have two automatic systems
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1. your color recognition system
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2. your language reading system, and they are in conflict
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two otherwise quite automatic, hot-system-1 processes that are in fighting each other, and your brain has to quickly and unexpected pull in your cognitive control to sort out what is should be determined to be giving you correct information
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requires the " " of conscious effort
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cognitive control is the key to human of the planet
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allows us to delay gratification
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allows us to train ourselves to have new dispositions
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allows us to inhabit ecosystems which our bodies did not evolve to be able to
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it's relatively
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we experience this with the stroop test
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physiologically expensive
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when you exert cognitive control in one domain, you are less able to do it in another
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i.e. becoming from mental work
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easy to overload
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e.g. count backwards by 5 while performing some problem or remembering a string of digits
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another theory is that it has more to do with switching task priorities
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we can't be exerting cognitive control all the time
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90% of what we do during the day are being done by systems, the hot-systems
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10% is being done by cognitive -systems
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this has ramifications in and governments
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political systems
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how are people making the decisions they are making
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ethical models
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how to train people to be more
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this issue also concerns our human nature, the hot-systems we are born with, and what needs to happen to that if we are to become
Spelling Corrections:
psysiologically ⇒ physiologically
Ideas and Concepts:
Book tip via tonight's Chinese Thought: "Ancient Wisdom Meets Modern Science class:"Thinking, Fast and Slow", by Daniel Kahneman. "Kahneman's thesis is that the human animal is systematically illogical. Not only do we mis-assess situations, but we do so following fairly predictable patterns. Kahneman introduces two mental systems, one that is fast and the other slow. Together they shape our impressions of the world around us and help us make choices. System 1 is largely unconscious and it makes snap judgments based upon our memory of similar events and our emotions. System 2 is painfully slow, and is the process by which we consciously check the facts and think carefully and rationally. Problem is, System 2 is easily distracted and hard to engage, and System 1 is wrong as often as it is right, and System 1 is easily swayed by our emotions."
From the folk-mind-body-dualism department, via tonight's Chinese Thought: "Ancient Wisdom Meets Modern Science class:"From a contemporary scientific perspective it's a little bit puzzling why people are mind/body dualists, since to the best of our knowledge we are not ghosts in the machine but integrated mind-body systems which produce a structure of cognition such that we experience having a more conscious rational part of ourselves as well as a less conscious, less rational, emotional part of ourselves, yet this idea that we are constituted by two completely separate and different things, seems to be a universal human intuition."
Via tonight's Chinese Thought: "Ancient Wisdom Meets Modern Science class, the Stroop Effect, n. a demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task, e.g. when the name of a color is printed in a color not denoted by the name, then naming the color of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color. You feel yourself exerting cognitive control in order to name the correct color of the letters, it feels unnatural, there is something unpleasant about exerting cognitive control, and studies have shown the cognitive control is a limited resource and exerting it is mentally tiring. What's going on is you have two automatic systems:(1) your color recognition system, and (2) your language reading system, and they are in conflict, two otherwise quite automatic, hot-system-1 processes that are in fighting each other, and your brain has to quickly and unexpected pull in your cognitive control to sort out what is should be determined to be giving you correct information."
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