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Notes on video lecture:
Cities before the Industrial Revolution
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on September 19, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
prominent, Haussmann, Enfant, meeting, 1681, Xian, monuments, temples, Adelaide, deserted, green, Sixtus, residential, axis, river, livable, Chang, Savannah, Americas, New, cloister, four, square, older, property, Beijing, Greeks, newer, important, Montpazier, central, capital, grid, Tang, urban, wats, prototype, fortifications, gridiron, 1666, relief, square, beautiful, 2000, wall, campfire
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cities in the per-industrial revolution
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in            cities, you can see signs of cities of hundreds of years ago just by walking around
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but even in            cities, you can see aspects which have these roots
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in the earliest settlements
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people simply gathered around the                 
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house emerged around it
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settlements developed in this informal process
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at least 3000 years ago, people began to deliberately design settlements
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common characteristics arose
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1. the         
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for defense
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critical element in planning cities for over          years
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also moats
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2. the         
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a logical and easy way to subdivide                 
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500 BC gridiron created by              500 BC
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15th century: most common layout of cities when the Europeans conquered the                 
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e.g. Lima, Peru
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3. the         
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in most cities throughout history, the design of the city was design around the fact that some people were more                    than others
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e.g. Beijing, a central axis that only the emperor was permitted to walk along
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e.g. Renaissance Rome, Pope              the V uses the Axis (Strada del Corso) as a way to united the residue of monuments that had been left throughout history
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4. the city             
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in Europe, public squares were like living rooms of cities, places for important events such as market places
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England, city squares were often green spaces
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offered              from the dense city
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this idea was carried over into the        World in the design of cities
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5. the                 
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places for worship and home of religious deities
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monasteries, house of worship, temples, shrines
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often give                    locations in cities
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Bangkok's many          were the landmarks that defined the city and do to this day
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churches define the skylines of early American cities
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sacred spaces were often accompanied by schools and public                places
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how these five elements were incorporated in cities from antiquity to the 19th century
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          -An
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800 AD, the largest and most important city in the world was Chang-An, in                China, located along the Silk Road
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populate over 1,000,000
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seat of the          Dynasty
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legations from all the important countries of the world
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today known as          [ZHEE-ahn]
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planning of Chang-An began much earlier, many of walls and temples build in 100 BC
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Tang Dynasty made it its               
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became the                    for all Chinese cities, including the prototype for Beijing
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wall of Chang-An
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5KM by 6KM
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had 11 gates
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central axes that led to the emperor's palace
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city had a grid plan
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two markets near the gates of the city
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many                scattered throughout the city, almost one on every block
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modern day Xian occupies only about one-third of the original city of Chang-An
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remains want of the few walled cities in the world with gates in their original locations
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the diversity of blocks within the grid is maintained
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               shows the unmistakable elements of Chang-An
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12th and 13th centuries in Europe
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much money spent on                             
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bastides
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                    , France is one of the best preserved bastide towns
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market square is at the precise center
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town is still largely occupied
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16th century Rome
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real revolution of city design began here
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after the fall of the Empire, Rome fell had fallen into ruins and was almost                 
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because of the ambition of the Popes and the money being collected from all over Europe, Pope Sixtus V provide the impetus
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laid new street connecting major                   
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set the stage for the creation of Peter's Square, one of the greatest achievements in city design in history and the icon of Baroque city planning
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         the Great Fire of London
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sometimes disaster provides the impetus for city design
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unfortunately it was rebuilt pretty much the way it was build before
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but the redesigning process had an impact on city planning in the New World
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         William Penn, Philadelphia
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given large land grant by the King
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Thomas Holme proposed a                  plan running from the Delaware River to the Schuylkill river
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plots had enough room for people to keep animals within the city
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was thought of as a "Greene Country Towne"
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slow to develop
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20 years after its founding, only a few blocks had been occupied
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took two centuries to fill out the city from river to           
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Philadelphia's          squares remain the public centers of its neighborhoods
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1733                 , Georgia
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Charles Oglethorpe
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a plan where virtually every house faced a             
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remains today one of the most                cities in the country
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1823                 , Australia
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Colonel William Light
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similar to Philadelphia
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surrounded it by a            belt
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1791 Washington
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the national capital that replaced Philadelphia
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laid out by Charles L'            
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grid-iron plan
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blocks that varied whether they were commercial areas or                        blocks
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later recast as the city                    movement in America
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cities are often modified throughout history
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Rome by Sextus V
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Paris by Baron                   
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American cities through            renewal in the 1970s and 1980s

Vocabulary:

bastide, n. a new town built in medieval Languedoc, Gascony and Aquitaine during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, designed in a grid plan ⇒ "Montpazier, France is one of the best preserved bastide towns."
wat, n. a Buddhist temple in Thailand or Cambodia ⇒ "Bangkok's many wats were the landmarks that defined the city and do to this day."

People:

Pope Sixtus V (1521-1590)
Pope for only five years from 1585 to his death in 1590, he spent immense sums on public works transforming the city of Rome and its surroundings
  • brought water to the waterless hills in the Acqua Felice, feeding twenty-seven new fountains
  • laid out new arteries in Rome, which connected the great basilicas
  • set his engineer-architect Domenico Fontana to replan the Colosseum as a silk-spinning factory housing its workers
  • the completion of the dome of St. Peter's
  • the loggia of Sixtus in the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano
  • the erection of four obelisks, including that in Saint Peter's Square
  • the opening of six streets
  • the restoration of the aqueduct of Septimius Severus
  • the integration of the Leonine City in Rome as XIV rione (Borgo)
  • he sweetened the city air by financing the reclamation of the Pontine Marshes, reclaiming 38 square kilometers and opened them to agriculture and manufacture

Spelling Corrections:

monestaries ⇒ monasteries
dieties ⇒ deities

Ideas and Concepts:

Impressive city design of the day, via this evening's Designing Cities class: "Founded in 1836 as the planned capital for a freely settled British province, Adelaide, Australia was designed by Colonel William Light as a city with in a grid layout inter-spaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by parklands."
Cities before the Industrial Revolution
Cities in the Industrial Revolution
19th Century Park and Boulevard Plans: From Paris to Kansas City
Megacities and Megaregions