Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:

economists, challenges, social, physical, evolutionary, Wilson, crowd, enduring, retention, self, friendships, mind, advertisement, Mind, cabinet, group, safety, fear, not, Arizona, tagline, mental, triggers, dominant, immediately, strategy, conscious, control, genes, advertisers, show, courtship, psychology, harm, attractive, stand, million, subself, charge, reward, protection, aspirations, romantic, evolution, Kenrick, museum, disease, mate, activated

•

the module theory of the         mind

•

various modules that can take               control of the mind and body for at least awhile

•

if there are modules, this would help explain how the mind could operate effectively without there being a single unified         self in control

•

there are a number of command modules and they take turns running the         show

•

Douglas               Kenrick

•

              Arizona State University

•

"The Rational         Mind" (2013)

•

modular view of the mind

•

when it comes to our             social behavior, we are pretty much always under the influence of one of seven modules that Kenrick calls subselves

•

subself

•

suggests that there is a main self

•

but this is not what Kenrick meant to convey by the term

•

there's not a module that acts as controlling CEO

•

these modules are all like               cabinet secretaries

•

the seven modules

•

seven main kinds of                     challenges that our ancestors had to meet in order to get their genes into the next generation

•

1. self-protection

•

the ability to fend off         harm

•

2.         mate attraction

•

find someone with whom to mate

•

3. mate                   retention

•

protection, companionship, and further mating

•

4. affiliation

•

making                       friendships, cementing alliances

•

5. kin care

•

taking care of other people who share your           genes

•

6. status

•

show you are someone who is worthy within your           group

•

7.               disease avoidance

•

stay away from people and things which may make you ill

•

seeks to explain in                         evolutionary terms why

•

is an explanation which attempts to explain the division of             mental labor

•

enables us to get a handle of looking at module models of the mind

•

whichever module is most highly                   activated by information in the environment will tend to become dominant for a period of time

•

is someone is running toward you waving a machete saying he is going to kill you, your self-                    protection module would become high active, dominant, and then controlling your behavior

•

how much value is added when we talk in terms of modules

•

we already know that         fear makes people run away

•

it enables us to talk of human behavior in a way that is more based on the                 physical reality of the brain

•

what does it mean that one module is currently in             charge

•

experiment: created two advertisements of a museum with two different taglines

•

1. "visited by over a               million people each year"

•

2. "          stand out from the crowd"

•

changed the appeal of the               tagline by changing which module was in charge at that moment

•

showed scenes from the movie "The Shining"

•

more inclined to visit the museum when seeing the ad with the tagline "visited by over a million people each year"

•

fear module is activated and there is             safety in numbers

•

showed scenes from a                 romantic movie "Before Sunrise"

•

more inclined to visit the museum when seeing the ad with the tagline "stand out from the           crowd"

•

when we are in                   courtship mode, we are trying to stand out from other people

•

afterwards showed ad to             museum

•

asked how inclined they would be to visit the museum

•

one would think that which tagline one would be more influenced by would be a matter of one's personality, not the                 dominant mode they are in

•

                      advertisers generally think this way, viewing different ads as appealing to different kind of people

•

this experiment showed that it was more based on the               subself that was dominant at the moment

•

experiment: time-discounting rate

•

inter-temporal utility function

•

your willingness to forgo             reward in the short term for greater reward in the future

•

e.g. you can have 10 dollars today or 15 dollars in a month

•

how you answer questions of this kind determine what your time-discount rate is

•

                    economists have long said that people have different rates

•

but they also have stated that a single person's time-discount rate will remain the same

•

experiments have shown this to be otherwise

•

Margo             Wilson and Martin Daly

•

showed picture of                     attractive women to men

•

showed other men pictures of less attractive women, men, or cars

•

the men who saw the pictures of attractive women were then more inclined to want their money                       immediately

•

the mind module explanation is that when the courting module is activated, it wants to have all its resources there to attract the mate

•

there doesn't seem to be anything                   conscious going on here, e.g. that they want to impress the picture

•

it's just that their minds have the a specific mode activated

•

but a mere picture of a women                 triggers this response

•

reminds us that we were designed by natural selection for an environment that is different than the current environment

•

throughout                   evolution, we didn't have cameras so if we saw an attractive, potential mate, then there was an attractive potential mate there, and our minds still react in this way

•

experiment

•

high school males

•

filled out survey about career                       aspirations

•

some filled it out in a room full of males

•

some filled it out in a room with males and females

•

more inclined to have higher career aspirations

•

in particular making money was important

•

it's doubtful that this was some kind of                 enduring change

•

their minds were being prepared for a kind of self-                          advertisement

•

they were preparing themselves if they got the chance to talk to the females in the room

•

it doesn't seem to be conscious                 strategy as it was clear that the females were not going to see their surveys

•

the participants were told not to talk to each other

•

these two experiments were also performed on females

•

the effect in question was       not found in females

•

in an evolutionary view of sexual                     psychology, there will be some differences between men and women