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Notes on video lecture:
19th Century Ottoman Empire Politics
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on September 27, 2014 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
groups, ecclesiastical, laws, minimal, France, endowments, foreigners, ineffective, taxation, Capitulations, Vizier, potentates, Sharia, girls, Turkish, astronomy
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19th century Middle East politics
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governments were diverse and               
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governments recognized the existence of              and not individuals
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each group was governed in different ways and by different         
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Muslims followed the             
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Christians and Jews followed their                              or legal frameworks
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tribesmen had their own modes of settling disputes
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                     were granted special legal privileges
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                           of the Ottoman Empire
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contracts between the Ottoman Empire and European powers, particularly             
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traders entering the Ottoman Empire were exempt from local prosecution, local                 , local conscription, and the searching of their domicile
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government and taxation was minimal
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services like law and education were not supplied by the central government
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they were provided by the various communities
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to outside observers, these characteristics gave the impression of an                        government in decline
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but in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, the locus of power began to shift from individual groups to the Grand             , the chief minister of the Ottoman Empire
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provinces were often controlled by local                     
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e.g. Egypt
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in Arab cities, notable families, some Arab, some               , assume positions of considerable wealth and power
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because of the importance of religion, families sent their children to get a religious education
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waqf (plural awqaf), religious                     , sources of wealth and political control
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boys but not            were schooled in the traditional schools, schooled in:
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Koran
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religious jurisprudence
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some secular subjects such as mathematics and                   

Vocabulary:

waqf, n. an inalienable religious endowment in Islamic law, typically donating a building or plot of land or even cash for Muslim religious or charitable purposes ⇒ "A waqf was used to keep money or property together in private hands; a pooling of wealth to maintain private ownership. It is a pious and perpetual endowment that is free from tax."
The Middle East, its Origins, and the Modern Era
Napoleon in Egypt: The Beginning of the Middle Eastern Modern Age
The Popuation Mosaic of 19th Century Middle East
Middle East Economy in the 19th Century
19th Century Ottoman Empire Politics
The Ottoman Empire's Changing Balance of Power with Europe