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Notes on video lecture:
Seven Types of Inaccurate News
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on January 8, 2018 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Clinton, fact, enact, consumer, three, funny, scandal, potential, contextual, wrong, harm, parody, Cold, acid, heuristics, Francis, skeptical, similar, judgment, why, click, effective, sources, biases, person, cloud, believe, accurate, parents, imposter, substantive, evidence, deceive, decisions , moral, want, support, hundred, buses
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being able to produce a corpus of information that's                 
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which expresses what's out there in a reasonable way
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is important to allow citizens to render an                    decision
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when people have information that they encounter which isn't accurate
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the results can end up making                     that are sub-optimal
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example
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the fake news that Pope                endorsed Trump
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because people are prone to using                     , who the Pope endorses is a good measure of who might be a            candidate
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this may            people's view
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correct news out of context can influence as well, e.g. FBI Director Comey's discovery of additional emails relating to the                campaign on the home computer of Andrew Weiner
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this made people think that there might be an additional               
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not much came up it, but it still had the potential to influence people in                        ways
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propaganda
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during the          War, the impressions of what was going on in Russia was more negative than it ostensibly is now
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environment
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an ideal or sub-optimal news                 
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their views and how they vote can be based on something that's           
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this leads to electing candidates that aren't necessarily those who will best            what people want
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people say they are for a particular thing, when in fact, if they knew more about it they would be against it
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these kinds of              can be pernicious to a democracy
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seven types of inaccurate news
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1. satire or             
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no intention to cause harm but has the                    to fool
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point is to highlight ridiculousness
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to hold people accountable
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to pass                 
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intention is to be funny
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e.g. The Onion
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often outrageous
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intention is not to deceive but to be           
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2. fake connection
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when headlines, visuals or captions don't                the content
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also called           -bait
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purpose is to get people to click on the headline in order to get visitors to the site
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examples
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"top ten reasons for this or that"
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"you won't                what happens next"
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3. misleading content
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misleading use of information to frame an issue or individual
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uses information to frame a particular issue or             
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example
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Trump portrays Clinton saying that she          washed e-mails
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the Clinton team actually used a software called Bleach Bit
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but acid washed sounds more severe
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Pence claimed FBI found 15,000 more emails detailing national security
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actually they found 14,900 e-mails but only            contained classified information
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so statements are misleading and don't provide the full context of what is happening
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use         -checking services
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factcheck.org
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politifact.com
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provide more nuance and context to a given quote
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4. fake context
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when genuine content is shared with false                      information
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we see a picture or quote by a politician but that is taken out of context
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examples
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a picture of dozens of            in Austin, Texas
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in the vicinity of an anti-Trump protest
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it was written that these people were paid to come protest the Trump rally
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actually these were just typical coach buses which had nothing to do with protesting Trump rallies
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5.                  content
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when genuine sources are impersonated
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examples
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impersonating ABC News
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logos are                but different
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URLs are similar but different
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if people think they are getting news from ABC News, they are more likely to believe it
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6. manipulated content
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when genuine information or imagery is manipulated to               
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purpose is to distort the truth
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example
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image of Donald Trump and his               
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photoshopped to make it look like parents were wearing robes of the Ku Klux Klan
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very easy to change pictures like this
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7. fabricated content
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new content that is 100% false, designed to deceive and do         
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fake news
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completely made up information
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examples
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Pope Francis endorsed Donald Trump for President
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shared several                thousand times
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Obama banning the Pledge of Allegiance
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reason is that there is money to be made
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people may be doing this
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tips to identify these
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be                   
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do research if it is real or not
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read more than the headline
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think about who created the story and       
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consider what's missing
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is there another side to this story
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who would this article need to talk to in order to get the other side of the story
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see if other news                are covering the same story
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be aware of biases
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why am I believing this news
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because I          it to be true
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because I have                  that it is true

Ideas and Concepts:

Common sense for Americans, via this morning's Fake News, Facts, and Alternative Facts class:

"The ability for a society to be to produce a corpus of information that's accurate, which expresses what's out there in a reasonable way, is important to enable its citizens to render an effective decisions.

When people have information that they encounter which isn't accurate, the results can end up making decisions that are sub-optimal."
How We Know Things
Democratic News Consumption: The Ideal and the Reality
The Definition of Propaganda and Fake News
Seven Types of Inaccurate News
How News Has Changed
Accuracy in the Digital Era