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Notes on video lecture:
Latium from Bronze to Iron Age
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
basket, Longa, location, 753, augury, Faustulus, graves, abandoned, trenches, Latini, write, Latium, killed, Numitor, buries, Palatine, jumped, Latin, freed, three, political, Alban, crown, gods, Janus, Aventine, Albano, exposure, virgin, 10th, Etruria, Aeneas, aborigines, Pomezia, Lupa, Amulius, 30, Apennine, princely
Latium
a large plain between the Mediterranean Sea and the                  Mountains
people began inhabiting              (area around Rome) in the 10th century BCE
their language was the ancestor of           
they believed that their city was created by         
          , with two heads
Virgil's Rome legend
the first people were                     
"people who were there from the origin"
lived to the north of Rome
moved down and invaded Rome
at the same time, a second group from Turkey (Troiani) sailed to Rome
were led by a man             
had to escape from Troy
founded Lavinium (today               )
the port city for Latium
Trojans assimilated with the aborigines, and a new people was born, the             
the son of Aeneas, Ascanius, founded the city of Alba           
most probably at Lake             , south east of Rome
the city was destroyed by Rome in the 7th century
the last king of Alba Longa,               
father to Rhea Silvia
Numitor's reign was usurped by Numitor's younger brother               
dethroned Numitor and became king
killed Numitor's male heirs and forced Rhea Silvia to become a vestal             
Mars appeared and lay with Rhea Silvia
gave birth to sons Romulus and Remus
she was supposed to be customarily put to death after disobeying her vows
King Amulius was afraid of the wrath of Mars
so imprisoned her and ordered the twin sons to be killed by                  to natural elements to save wrath of Mars
servant takes pity on the twins and put in a              onto the River Tiber
discovered by a she-wolf         
were fed by a woodpecker
shepherd and his wife found them:                    and Acca Larentia
after they grew up, King Amulius' shepherds found them, Remus captured and took them before the king
Romulus            his brother and killed King Amulius
rejected the citizens' offer of the            of Alba Longa and instead reinstated Nimitor as king
left Alba Longa seeking to found their own city
quarreled over the                 
Romulus wished to start the city on the                  Hill
Remus wished to found it on the                  Hill
they agreed to consult             , a type of prophecy in which birds are examined and observed to determine what actions or persons the gods favor
remained at a standstill and continued to quarrel until Romulus began to dig                  and build walls around his hill: the Palatine Hill
in response to Romulus' construction, Remus made fun of the wall and his brother's city
Remus              over Romulus' wall
Romulus              him
Romulus mournfully              his brother, bestowing upon him full funeral honors
Remus' death and founding of Rome are dated by Livy to April 21st,        BCE
divided into      regions
each part had a main village
each a kind of people
at the site where Rome was founded, you have            of these groups, or populi Albenses
Velienses
Latinienses
Querquetulani
the top of each hill occupied by a village
each city had foundation myths
founded by an            or Trojan ancestor
from this time we have only a few clues and artifacts to be interpreted, e.g. vases found in burial pits
between end of Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age, around          century BC
something is changing in this area
               (north of Rome)
small villages scattered around the river valleys
Latin vases were different based on the time it came from
we find these in             
9th century BC
small villages are                   
people move to live in fewer, larger sites
many people moved to Rome
bodies are placed in coffins instead of urns
people begin to            on the vases
8th century BC
vases change more in terms of function
                 graves
villages are being unified into cities with                    organizations

Spelling Corrections:

quarrelledquarreled
MediterreneanMediterranean

Ideas and Concepts:

The legend of Romulus and Remus, and the founding of Rome, via this morning's Changing Landscape of Ancient Rome course:

"After Aeneas' escape from Troy and travels around the Mediterranean Sea, the Trojans eventually landed near the mouth of the Tiber River and began to assimilate with the aborigines of Latium, giving birth to a new people, the Latini.

The son of the Aeneas, named Ascanius, founded the city of Alba Longa, on Lake Albano, southeast of Rome. The last king of Alba Longa, Numitor, had a daughter named Rhea Silvia. Numitor's younger brother Amulius, usurped power from Numitor, and Amulius became king. Not wanting any conflict with the throne, Amulius killed all of Numitor's male heirs and forced Rhea Silvia to become a Vestal Virgin.

One night, Mars the God of War, appeared and lay with Rhea Silvia, after which she gave birth to twin sons Romulus and Remus. As punishment for breaking her vows of chastity, Vestal Virgins were customarily put to death by being buried alive. However, King Amulius was afraid of the wrath of Mars, and so imprisoned Rhea Silvia and ordered her twin sons Romulus and Remus be taken out into the wilderness and left to die. The servant who carried out this task, however, took pity on the two twins, and so put them in a basket and set them afloat on the River Tiber.

The twins were fortunately discovered by the she-wolf Lupa, who suckled them in order to keep them alive. Later, a shepherd and his wife, Faustulus and Acca Larentia, discovered them and took them in as their own.

Many years later when Romulus and Remus were young men, soldiers of King Amulius found them, captured Remus, and took him before the king. Romulus stealthily freed his brother from captivity and together they killed King Amulius. Rejecting the offer of the citizens to become kings of Alba Longa, Romulus and Remus instead reinstated Numitor as king, and left Alba Longa to go found their own city.

Arriving at the present location of Rome, the brothers began to quarrel over the exact location to build the city. Romulus wished to found the city on Palatine Hill, while Remus wished to found it on Aventine Hill. They agreed to consult augury, a type of prophecy in which birds are examined and observed to determine what actions the gods favored. While both of them saw many birds, neither could not decide how to interpret these signs, and so they remained at a standstill and continued to quarrel until Romulus simply began to simply dig trenches and build walls around his hill:the Palatine Hill.

In response to Romulus' construction, Remus made fun of his brother's wall and city, and when Remus finally jumped over Romulus' wall to show how useless it was, they quarreled and Romulus killed him. Realizing what he had done, Romulus mourned his brother and gave him a proper burial, bestowing upon him full funeral honors.

According to the Roman poet Livy, Remus' death and founding of Rome are dated to April 21, 753 BCE."
Introduction to Ancient Rome
Latium from Bronze to Iron Age