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Notes on video lecture:
Latium from Bronze to Iron Age
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on July 8, 2017 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Numitor, Faustulus, freed, Lupa, write, graves, augury, Latini, Etruria, location, Amulius, aborigines, Pomezia, three, basket, Aeneas, Apennine, Latium, killed, crown, Longa, 10th, jumped, Alban, political, Latin, Janus, Palatine, princely, Aventine, trenches, Albano, exposure, 753, gods, abandoned, buries, 30, virgin
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Latium
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a large plain between the Mediterranean Sea and the                  Mountains
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people began inhabiting              (area around Rome) in the 10th century BCE
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their language was the ancestor of           
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they believed that their city was created by         
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          , with two heads
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Virgil's Rome legend
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the first people were                     
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"people who were there from the origin"
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lived to the north of Rome
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moved down and invaded Rome
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at the same time, a second group from Turkey (Troiani) sailed to Rome
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were led by a man             
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had to escape from Troy
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founded Lavinium (today               )
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the port city for Latium
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Trojans assimilated with the aborigines, and a new people was born, the             
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the son of Aeneas, Ascanius, founded the city of Alba           
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most probably at Lake             , south east of Rome
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the city was destroyed by Rome in the 7th century
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the last king of Alba Longa,               
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father to Rhea Silvia
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Numitor's reign was usurped by Numitor's younger brother               
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dethroned Numitor and became king
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killed Numitor's male heirs and forced Rhea Silvia to become a vestal             
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Mars appeared and lay with Rhea Silvia
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gave birth to sons Romulus and Remus
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she was supposed to be customarily put to death after disobeying her vows
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King Amulius was afraid of the wrath of Mars
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so imprisoned her and ordered the twin sons to be killed by                  to natural elements to save wrath of Mars
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servant takes pity on the twins and put in a              onto the River Tiber
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discovered by a she-wolf         
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were fed by a woodpecker
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shepherd and his wife found them:                    and Acca Larentia
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after they grew up, King Amulius' shepherds found them, Remus captured and took them before the king
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Romulus            his brother and killed King Amulius
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rejected the citizens' offer of the            of Alba Longa and instead reinstated Nimitor as king
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left Alba Longa seeking to found their own city
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quarreled over the                 
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Romulus wished to start the city on the                  Hill
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Remus wished to found it on the                  Hill
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they agreed to consult             , a type of prophecy in which birds are examined and observed to determine what actions or persons the gods favor
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remained at a standstill and continued to quarrel until Romulus began to dig                  and build walls around his hill: the Palatine Hill
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in response to Romulus' construction, Remus made fun of the wall and his brother's city
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Remus              over Romulus' wall
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Romulus              him
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Romulus mournfully              his brother, bestowing upon him full funeral honors
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Remus' death and founding of Rome are dated by Livy to April 21st,        BCE
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divided into      regions
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each part had a main village
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each a kind of people
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at the site where Rome was founded, you have            of these groups, or populi Albenses
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Velienses
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Latinienses
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Querquetulani
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the top of each hill occupied by a village
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each city had foundation myths
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founded by an            or Trojan ancestor
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from this time we have only a few clues and artifacts to be interpreted, e.g. vases found in burial pits
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between end of Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age, around          century BC
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something is changing in this area
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               (north of Rome)
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small villages scattered around the river valleys
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Latin vases were different based on the time it came from
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we find these in             
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9th century BC
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small villages are                   
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people move to live in fewer, larger sites
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many people moved to Rome
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bodies are placed in coffins instead of urns
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people begin to            on the vases
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8th century BC
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vases change more in terms of function
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                 graves
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villages are being unified into cities with                    organizations

Spelling Corrections:

quarrelled ⇒ quarreled
Mediterrenean ⇒ Mediterranean

Ideas and Concepts:

The legend of Romulus and Remus, and the founding of Rome, via this morning's Changing Landscape of Ancient Rome course:

"After Aeneas' escape from Troy and travels around the Mediterranean Sea, the Trojans eventually landed near the mouth of the Tiber River and began to assimilate with the aborigines of Latium, giving birth to a new people, the Latini.

The son of the Aeneas, named Ascanius, founded the city of Alba Longa, on Lake Albano, southeast of Rome. The last king of Alba Longa, Numitor, had a daughter named Rhea Silvia. Numitor's younger brother Amulius, usurped power from Numitor, and Amulius became king. Not wanting any conflict with the throne, Amulius killed all of Numitor's male heirs and forced Rhea Silvia to become a Vestal Virgin.

One night, Mars the God of War, appeared and lay with Rhea Silvia, after which she gave birth to twin sons Romulus and Remus. As punishment for breaking her vows of chastity, Vestal Virgins were customarily put to death by being buried alive. However, King Amulius was afraid of the wrath of Mars, and so imprisoned Rhea Silvia and ordered her twin sons Romulus and Remus be taken out into the wilderness and left to die. The servant who carried out this task, however, took pity on the two twins, and so put them in a basket and set them afloat on the River Tiber.

The twins were fortunately discovered by the she-wolf Lupa, who suckled them in order to keep them alive. Later, a shepherd and his wife, Faustulus and Acca Larentia, discovered them and took them in as their own.

Many years later when Romulus and Remus were young men, soldiers of King Amulius found them, captured Remus, and took him before the king. Romulus stealthily freed his brother from captivity and together they killed King Amulius. Rejecting the offer of the citizens to become kings of Alba Longa, Romulus and Remus instead reinstated Numitor as king, and left Alba Longa to go found their own city.

Arriving at the present location of Rome, the brothers began to quarrel over the exact location to build the city. Romulus wished to found the city on Palatine Hill, while Remus wished to found it on Aventine Hill. They agreed to consult augury, a type of prophecy in which birds are examined and observed to determine what actions the gods favored. While both of them saw many birds, neither could not decide how to interpret these signs, and so they remained at a standstill and continued to quarrel until Romulus simply began to simply dig trenches and build walls around his hill:the Palatine Hill.

In response to Romulus' construction, Remus made fun of his brother's wall and city, and when Remus finally jumped over Romulus' wall to show how useless it was, they quarreled and Romulus killed him. Realizing what he had done, Romulus mourned his brother and gave him a proper burial, bestowing upon him full funeral honors.

According to the Roman poet Livy, Remus' death and founding of Rome are dated to April 21, 753 BCE."
Introduction to Ancient Rome
Latium from Bronze to Iron Age