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Notes on video lecture:
Beethoven's Precursors: Bach, Haydn, Mozart
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on September 28, 2013 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
23, shift, resigned, Jeunehomme, palette, chafe, Giovanni, Esterhazys, Bach, Bach, Requiem, overspent, Haydn, 1780s, watershed, aristocracy, Beethoven, 1732, quartets, Creation, Colloredo, opaque, servant
while was a reference point for almost every composer after him, he represents an end of an era
Haydn
chronologically, marks a new beginning
father of the forms that came to dominate the classical era
we see the place of the composer in society undergo an evolution
Haydn was born in , 18 years old at the time of Bach's death
from 1761, employed as Kapellmeister by the , one of the wealthiest families in Austro-Hungary (Slovakia)
later positions with this name run the musical life of the court
for 18 years Haydn did as told by the Esterhazy family
wrote what he was told to write, performed what he was told to perform, and played music with the members of the
1779 given permission by the Esterhazys to create his own music
this was a dramatic in the history of music
no one to this point had considered creative fulfillment to be a significant reason for writing music by people such as Haydn or Bach
lead up to the French revolution
relations between the classes was evolving rapidly
could have been the principal cause with a combination of the respect he had earned
from the moment he is given freedom to create, his expressive broadens extensively
Mozart
we are at 1779 now and this is where Mozart's story becomes interesting
was only 23, fully mature as a musical composer
had already written the Concerto K271, @@HXIZUz5mD18
some state that Mozart never surpassed this work
Mozart is not just promising but, alongside Haydn, the greatest active composer in the world
they knew and liked each other, they were years apart
Haydn praised Mozart highly
1785, published a series of six which he dedicated to Haydn
began career as court composer but began to against the system
While Haydn accepted his lot of being a musical throughout most of his career, Mozart was instantly unhappy under similar circumstances.
from age 16, employed by Archbishop in Salzburg who not only dictated what music he could and couldn't write but what engagements outside of the court he was allowed to accept, and thus in 1777, Mozart resigned from his position without the security of another one.
The more I read about Beethoven, the more I understand the relationship between the man and the music. But even as I find ever deeply in love with Mozart's music, the man himself remains .
never reveals himself as Beethoven does in letters, Mozart as a person remains opaque
wandered around (to Paris) and came back to try to establish more freedom within his position, then again and simultaneously got thrown out
this "kick in the arse" was a moment in the history of music, classical music's great civil rights moment. It's the first time on record that a composer of note refused to be treated as a servant, the first time a musician left permanent employment without first achieving financial security.
first years of a free lancer, between 1781-1787, wrote Don and more well-received, and established his wish, which Colloredo ignored, to write opera
he would have been financially secure if he and his wife had not drastically
the last four years of Mozart's life, from 1788 to 1792, was a mess, he fell out of fashion in Vienna where money was getting scarcer anyway, Mozart's last years were a mix of part-time employment, poverty, ill-health, and general humiliation. Was this a result of his own bad choices or was the world just not ready for a self-sufficient, self-made composer
Haydn
1780s working at Esterhazy enjoying his increased freedom
permitted to publish his music wherever he liked, he became inordinately popular and fantastically productive in the , e.g. 30 string quartets
left Esterhazy after 30 years, nearly the entire duration of Mozart's life
London
met when he was 19 when passing through Bonn
London was a triumph for Hadyn
when he came back to 1795 to Europe to stay, he was wealthy
part-time work for Esterhazy's
in his old age, he would be carried into performances playing his own music, and at home he had servants
Haydn's his world very different from Bach's a generation before him
court system
many have suggested that the 18th century court system which supported musicians economically, yet confined them creatively, was good for music, but the cases of Haydn and Mozart suggest otherwise, the court system certainly worked for , but Bach was a man beyond comparison: his genius, his mastery, his professionalism, his work ethic were positively freakish. Haydn, on the other hand, wrote fantastic music throughout his career, but the more freedom he enjoyed at Esterhazy, the more inventive his music became: The and his last ten string quartets are all from those years. And Mozart's years of freedom although decidedly mixed both financially and personally, were those in which he produced the vast majority of his greatest music, literally hundreds of works, and particularly in his last four miserable years: three symphonies, the last piano concerto, the clarinet concerto, the clarinet quintet, the last two string quintets, Così fan tutte, and the . So Haydn and Mozart are examples of composers who were able to produce their greatest and most timeless works once only after freed from the economic support and shackles of court system. Whether or not the court system was good for composers or not, the fact is that by the time Beethoven reaches maturity, it was disappearing as the model for great composers
quotes:
"Ironically, Mozart's facility for expressing human emotion in music makes him impossible to know."