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Notes on video lecture:
Pre-Einstein Physics up to 1905
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on March 24, 2015 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Volta, radio, gravity, radiation, Maxwell, Hertz, rethink, current, 1840, light, inorganic, rationality, special, philosophers, wave, breeze, 100, reality, switches, Young, compass, real, signalling, Edison, electron, frog, experimental, obituaries, ether, nothing, Atlantic, physics, shocks, sustained, bar, railroads, times, Munich, factory, straight, Morley, theoretical
1800 is good place to start talking about
but the term "physicist" was not coined until about
before that people who worked in physics might be called natural
1800 there was a split based on what "natural philosophers" worked on
organic matter
matter
the branch that became physics focused on inorganic matter
1800: battery
came out of experiments done on animal electricity
e.g. how we can stimulate nerves in legs
Alessandro made an inorganic version of this
significance was that you could get a electric current
before that you could get sporadic electric
you could store limited amounts of electrical current but no sustained electrical current
this opened up many kinds of new inventions over the next years
1800: theory of light
before this, Isaac Newton had the theory of
became the greatest mind of the time
so scientist followed his lead on his concept of light as well, light being particles, or rays
around 1800, Thomas revived the theory of light as waves
1820s: electromagnetism
shown that if you have a sustained current through a wire and you brought a needle next to it, it would change directions
clearly a connection between electricity and magnetism
1830s
because to carry passengers, connecting cities
electromagnetic induction
mentioned on the first page of Einstein's paper on the theory of relativity
loop of wire, magnet closer to loop, you generate an electric current, as you move the bar magnet back and forth
1830s
telegraph
if you have a wire and can send down it, then you can make a communication device
1860s
's equations
synthesized and explained the work that people had been doing with electricity in the past half century
allowed the prediction of electromagnetic waves traveling through space
the classical theory of electromagnetic
traveled at a speed close to the known speed of light
the natural conclusion was that light was an electromagnetic wave
telegraph still expanding
under Ocean
expansion of the railroads
in U.S., transcontinental railroad
telegraph and railroad went together
because you need a good system for the trains
synchronizing of clocks
cities before that often had different
1870s-1890s
mechanical models
water waves travel through something, disturbances through water
this analogy applied to light assumes that there must be some median that light waves travel through, referred to as " "
the French thought the British were going off in the wrong direction
derided their mechanical models, reminded them of the system
the French physicists prided themselves on clarity and of thought
interesting to reading of these scientists
British: creativity
French: rationality and clarity of thought
physics division of labor
today:
physicist
experimental physicist
Masters Degree in Engineering from MIT
19th century
physicists were at the top
theoretical physicists really didn't exist
German universities you typically only had one physics professor
they were typically experimental physicist who ran the show
perhaps an assistant
this was the type of world Einstein was born into
by the time he was a physicist things started to change
1879: Einstein born
1880s
Incandescent lighting
's great innovation was the whole system of electric lighting
the wires
the
the power
Einstein's father and uncle were entrepreneurs in
specialized in incandescent lighting
won contract to supply lighting for Oktoberfest
discovery of electromagnetic waver
Heinrich
conclusively proved the existence of electromagnetic waves theorized by James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light
Hertz, became a term for units of cycles per second
died in his mid-30s
started almost immediately after this
1880s
Michelson- experiment
if light waves are going to be traveling through the ether
as the Earth moves around the Sun
at the surface of the Earth, we should have an "ether " in our face
therefore if you shine a light in that direction and in the opposite direct
they found
there was not "ether breeze" effect
made people their theories
1890s
the electromagnetic worldview
attempt to "get to the really " and explain almost everything in terms of electromagnetism
looking at electromagnetism as the basis of physical
the was discovered in the 1890s
1896-1900
Einstein in college
nature of
time and space
came at this from a different direction
1900-1905
career up to delivery of his most influential papers
People:
######################### (1773-1829) An English polymath who established the wave theory of light, overcoming the century-old view, expressed in the Isaac Newton's "Optics", that light is a particle
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Spelling Corrections:
phycisist ⇒ physicist
assistent ⇒ assistant