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Notes on video lecture:
19th Century India and South Africa
Notes taken by Edward Tanguay on September 18, 2015 (go to class or lectures)
Choose from these words to fill the blanks below:
Imperialism, predecessor, 1914, Kruger, evaporated, jewel, Milner, American, Boer, European, India, relief, 900, Raj, Orange, railway, Afrikaners, unjust, Smuts, French, diamonds, modernize, psyche, will
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expansion in           
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mid 18th century
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initially a rivalry with the             
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over next century
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large areas of India came under British control
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assumed a new important for Britain
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economically
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strategically
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militarily
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after loss of 13                  colonies
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India fixed itself in the English imagination as the            in the British imperial crown in Victorian period
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1871 census
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236 million Indians were either directly under British control
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or in native or princely states
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1857 rebellion in India
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a shock to the British imperial             
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British army numbered around 250,000 troops
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but only 50,000 were                 
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this rebellion broke out in the Indian army
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large tracks of territory particularly in the north of India were completely out of control
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took over a year to suppress
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led to a major change in how British would rule India
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double-edged sword
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1. test of Imperial          which the British felt they emerged victoriously in 1857
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East Indian Company, which had ruled India at arms length, had its powers transferred to the British crown
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began the British        which lasted until 1947
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2. Britain's confidence had been punctured of 1857
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in the first half of the 19th century British sought to                    and Westernize India
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this was no longer the case in the second half of the 19th century
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a passion for improvement gave way to a concern of law and order
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the Victorian's confidence                     
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imperialism became a must more defensive approach
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same as in Africa
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to fend off and contest the extension of influence which they saw being asserted by other imperlial powers
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Expansion in Africa
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19th century witnesses dramatic changes with Europe's relations with Africa
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in         , 90% of Africa's territory was under control of
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10 million square miles of territory
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Britain
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France
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Germany
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Portugal
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Italy
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called New                       , Scramble for Africa, Partition of Africa
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empire was about natural resources, money, and trade and the power that came with these
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very true in Southern Africa
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in 19th century, South Africa was happy enough for these states to have their independence
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Dutch Boer settlers in the              Free State
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1854-1902
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Transvaal state
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1880 First          War
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Britain vs. Transvaal
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1880 granted independence under Pretoria Convention
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but then                  were discovered in Kimberley in the Orange Free State and discovery of gold in the Transvaal state, brought
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Paul              and the Afrikaners
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the personification of Afrikanerdom
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tragic folk hero
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obstinate guardian of an              cause
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discovery of gold gave Kruger the economic resources to underwrite the political independence of the Transvaal
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74 million pounds of foreign capital flooded into the region, much from Britain
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transformation of the region
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Kruger was a threat to the British
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wanted to build a                line to coast in Mozambique
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1899-1902: Second Boer War
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between Britain and Transvaal Republic and the Orange state
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both sides had been readying for a fight
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quite expensive for Britain
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Transvaal and Orange Free State were transferred into the British Empire
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Alfred              and his "Kindergarten"
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noted for mentoring a gathering of young members of the South African Civil Service, informally known as Milner's Kindergarten
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reestablished British control in the region
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it didn't last very long
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there were pro and con voices in Britain itself
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pro-war propaganda effort
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gave rise to a              effort for the soldiers
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1914: Botha and           
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two                     
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created the Union of South Africa (1910-1914)
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                       to Republic of South Africa
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       war memorials in Britain, testimony how deeply the war had effected the psyche of the nation
19th Century India and South Africa