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Temple of Jupiter OMC

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509 BC building of the temple commenced

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Etruscans were ascendant (768BC-264BC)

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Etruria

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area of Italy north of Rome

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now Tuscany, Lazio, and Umbria

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any, Lazio and Umbria

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unique language

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D. H. Lawrence's Sketches of Etruscan Places and other Italian essays

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used power to gain ascendancy in Rome itself

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period of Etruscan kings

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chief temple of ancient Rome, and the most important Etruscan temple

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dedicated to the Capitoline [CAP-i-tol-lighn] Triad

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Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, or

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Minerva

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daughter of Jupiter

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Roman goddess of wisdom and sponsor of arts, trade, and defense

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equated her with the Greek goddess Athena

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we will see see them honored in other temples as well

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when it honors these three, it has an effect on the architecture

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had a strong impact on late Roman temple architecture

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Capitoline Hill was the religious center

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appearance

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quite a bit of evidence

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still standing in 4th century AD

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burned down several times

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each time rebuilt in new style

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rectangular structure

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free standing columns inside

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single staircase

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gives building a focus (front)

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Roman architecture if very much an architecture of facades

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back wall is plain

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cella

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central space in temple

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three parts for each god

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tall podium, over 4 meters tall

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altar located outside the front of the temple, the priest would officiate outside

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materials

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wood for columns and superstructure, same as Palatine huts

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mud and brick for podium and walls

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terracotta (earthenware)

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Parthenon in Athens vs. Temple of Jupiter OMC

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in building Temple of Jupiter, Romans picked and choose from Greek and Etruscan temples

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Greek temples

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sit on lower podium

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stairs encircle entire building

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single cella, never triple

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built out of marble, magnificently, whereas Romans were using wood

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when Romans used stone, it was under the influence of Greek architecture

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what is left of the Temple of Jupiter OMC

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the podium is left

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made in the ashlar masonry style

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Capitoline Hill

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redesigned by Michelangelo, created the oval piazza and all three palaces there

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Capitoline

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the conservatory

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the senatorial palaces

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today serve as two museums

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books:

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Book tip via this morning's Roman Architecture class, D. H. LAWRENCE AND ITALY: SKETCHES FROM ETRUSCAN PLACES, SEA AND SARDINIA, TWILIGHT IN ITALY: "In these impressions of the Italian countryside, Lawrence transforms ordinary incidents into passages of intense beauty, a collection of travel writings first published posthumously in 1932. Lawrence contrasts the life affirming world of the Etruscans with the shabbiness of Benito Mussolini's Italy during the late 1920s. Those who have read Lawrence's fiction will recognize his writing. He describes what he encounters with a visceral language: people, clothing, food, establishments. Some of the places are stunning and some so filthy you wonder how he could have stayed overnight. These essays are classics. Etruscan Places almost single-handedly revived modern interest in the Etruscans and was essential to the preservation and study of their tombs and paintings. Throughout, Lawrence is sensitive and insightful. An added patina to these works is the fact that they were written in the 1930s during the build-up toward WWII. There is an immediacy mixed with nostalgia here that is compelling." http://www.amazon.com/D-H-Lawrence-Italy-Sketches/dp/0141441550 ##etruscan