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in the age of Augustus (63BC-14AD), Rome began to colonize cities around it

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Porticus Aemilia

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large warehouse on banks of Tiber

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193 BC, restored in 174 BC

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only small fragment survives

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Livy (59BC-17AD) ##livy

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Roman historian

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wrote "Books from the Foundation of the City"

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from traditional foundation of Rome in 753 BC through the reign of Augustus in Livy's own time

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mentions Porticus Aemilia

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Forma Urbis

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marble map of Rome

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early 3rd century AD

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under Septimius Severus

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purported to represent all buildings

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only have fragments, but some represent the Porticus Aemilia

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long structure

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storage

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Rome began trading more extensively

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needed to store goods going out and in

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disagreement about how warehouse looked

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but sure of

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made of concrete

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had barrel vault, difficult to make out of stone but easy to make out of concrete

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Livy says it was tiered in four levels

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open gates between barrel vaults

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Market Hall in Ferentino

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100 BC

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one giant barrel vault

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Opus Incertum work

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nicely cut ashlar blocks and voussoir blocks

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it looks forward in architecture

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experimentation in larger warehouse buildings

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Mercati di Traiano

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world's oldest shopping mall

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the arcades in Trajan's Market are now believed by many to be administrative offices for Emperor Trajan

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Emperor Trajan (53AD-117AD)

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declared by the Senate as optimus princeps ("the best ruler")

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presided over the greatest military expansion in Roman history

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shops and apartments were built in a multi-level structure, and it is still possible to visit several of the levels

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delicate marble floors

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remains of a library