EDWARD'S LECTURE NOTES:
More notes at http://tanguay.info/learntracker
C O U R S E
A History of the World since 1300
Jeremy Adelman, Princeton University
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C O U R S E L E C T U R E The Ottoman Empire's 19th Century Tanzimat Reform Notes taken on June 15, 2015 by Edward Tanguay |
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early 19th century, new concepts of citizenship
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always present, especially in the colonies
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especially in the slave utterly bereft of rights and the master who enjoyed among other things the right to brutalize and rape slaves
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Dominican Republic
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the question of exclusion and inclusion is poised and electrified
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Haiti
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Toussaint L'Overture
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the black Napoleon
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casting fear around the world
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the French Revolution brought to life this idea of exclusion and inclusion
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The Ottoman Empire
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beginning to come apart at its edges
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1798 French expedition to Egypt
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thought of taking over this province and modernizing it
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pulling it away from the capital in Istanbul
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Mohamed Ali Pasha (1769-1849)
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believed in Egypt as an autonomous political space
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made appeals to British to invest in Egypt
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regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres that he instituted
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idea was for Egypt to exist within the loose membrane of the Ottoman Empire
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concocted a new Axis with British and French
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economic relations to the rest of Europe
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1821 Greece broke away all together
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1832 became independent
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the crisis of internal breakaways as Greece and Egypt
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gave the sultans some room to maneuver and reinvent the Ottoman Empire against:
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traditional agrarian elites
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the old office class that had failed to defend the Ottoman Empire
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the traditional Islamic clerics
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sultans followed examples of
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Muhammad Ali of Egypt
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Napoleon
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Sultan Macmud II
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30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839
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began the process of reforming the Ottoman Empire
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known as The Peter the Great of Turkey
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1826 abolishment of the conservative Janissary corps, which removed a major obstacle to his and his successors reforms in the Empire
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revamped fiscal structure
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tried to get away from old system of tax farming
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updated and modernized the military
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created schools that would educate the population
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borrowed new innovations from Europe
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the goal was to create a modern Ottoman Empire capable of competing on the global stage
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tried to negotiate a pact with Muhammad Ali of Egypt
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Tanzimat Reform
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Tanzimat = reorganization
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a period of reformation that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876
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modernize the Ottoman Empire
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secure its territorial integrity against nationalist movements from within
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defend itself from aggressive powers from outside of the state
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sought to grant emancipation to non-Muslim subjects of the Empire
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integrate non-Turks more thoroughly into Ottoman society by enhancing their civil liberties and granting them equality throughout the Empire