EDWARD'S LECTURE NOTES:
More notes at http://tanguay.info/learntracker
C O U R S E 
A History of the World since 1300
Jeremy Adelman, Princeton University
https://www.coursera.org/#course/wh1300
C O U R S E   L E C T U R E 
The Enlightenment, Empire, and Colonization: Burke vs. Hastings
Notes taken on October 17, 2014 by Edward Tanguay
science of the 18th century
new laws of
economics
social sciences
it occurred to people that these sciences could be used to make societies more efficient than they had been
instead of these pellmell, piled- upon, amalgamations of ad hoc rules and practices that juggernaut empires had invented and arrived at over the centuries
by the time they were in competition with each other
the empires were facing escalating costs with not always commensurate rising returns
new laws of economics and social sciences
one realized that science could be used to change empires
science then comes full circle
it's the product of empire, but also could be used to recast, to reform empire
mercantilism reformed
a system which created institutions, rules and practices which sought to ensure that more wealth flowed into European cities than flowed out
the critical instrument that made sure this practice continued was the mercantile family and its sequel, the joint-stock company
with escalating warfare, mercantilist empires had to find revenues to fund these efforts
the East India Company
the icon of this age of mercantilism
a company that enjoyed, by definition, monopoly rights
the idea of monopoly rights was the most important target of Adam Smith when he wrote the Wealth of Nations (1776)
monopoly rights meant for large returns from abroad, e.g. in India, and flows of wealth back to Europe, but it was threatening to corrupt Europe at home
these monopoly practices began to be seen in conflict with the Age of Reason
Edmund Burke
a voice in these debates
made a career out of pointing out the corruptions and vices who were using public stations to benefit themselves privately
supported the American Revolutionaries because he was against monopolies
went after Warren Hastings
the chief executive officer of the East India Company
a man of reason, science, a man of this age
brought by Clive into the East India Company as a young man
rose up to succeed Clive
became the first governor general in Bengal
consolidated Clive's conquests in Bengal
imagined himself the product of science, new scientific rules, made new laws, learned languages
was going to apply these new social sciences
"we as men of science have an obligation to apply these laws"
compared natural laws and natural rights
already forecasting that by enlightening Indians, British dominance would eventually fade
"the Enlightenment can serve the Empire"
Edward Burke vs. Warren Hastings
East India Company was a Company-State which
had armies
collected taxes
was impeached and led to the "Trial of Warren Hastings"
gained wealth by using a state license
seen at home as corrupting
the way empire was being practiced through this companies was destroying the ethical fabric of society
Burke ruled about company rule
the Enlightenment could spread empire, and empire could spread the universal promise of the Enlightenment
not just a British or French believe
Portugal
Marquis de Pombal