EDWARD'S LECTURE NOTES:
More notes at http://tanguay.info/learntracker
C O U R S E
A History of the World since 1300
Jeremy Adelman, Princeton University
 |
C O U R S E L E C T U R E Africa's Second Imperial Wave Notes taken on August 19, 2016 by Edward Tanguay |
•
the Suez Canal
•
plowed through the land to connect the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean
•
transformed the relationship between the continents of Afro-Eurasia
•
until the 1880s most of European interests in Africa were restricted to the coast
•
relied on indigenous polities and merchant princes
•
to harness the slaves
•
to bring slaves to the coast to trade them with European 8traders
•
the relationship with Africa was restricted mainly to trading
•
exception was Southern Africa
•
European settlers had established colonies here in earlier centuries
•
19th century Europe sought to turn Africa inside out
•
its interior was largely unknown to Europeans
•
largely disinterested
•
steam and transportation changed this
•
the Suez Canal was a victory of engineering science
•
it gave way to dreams of turning the Sahara desert into a paradise
•
missionaries also active in Africa
•
Africa represented a new religious frontier
•
science and culture combined to create an idea of up-lift
•
the poor could be uplifted from their squalor
•
David Livingston (1813-1873)
•
represented this ethos
•
braided roles
•
Scottish explorer
•
missionary
•
scientist
•
geographer
•
funded by the Royal Geographical Society
•
published an article in 1884 called "The Scramble for Africa"
•
decided to explore the upper Nile territory
•
was a living legend
•
death was a state funeral
•
pioneered geographic expeditions laced with a missionary purpose
•
into the interior of Africa
•
uncorked a process of discovery
•
1885 Mapping Africa in Berlin
•
Germany had become interested in Africa
•
had created an office in Cairo
•
George Schweinfurth
•
advocate of German expansion into Africa
•
Africa is science's principle task
•
Germans were at the forefront of the cartography
•
1876 Belgium
•
King Leopold organized a conference
•
scientific elites
•
how best to explore the interior of Africa
•
Britain's delegation was the largest
•
Portuguese held a conference on Africa as well
•
1884 Berlin Conference
•
for statesmen
•
draft up a set up rules on how to approach and carve up Africa
•
no African present
•
the lines they made sliced through ecosystems, languages, ethnicity
•
Gambia (British) was a river and Senegal (French) around it
•
based on where the European powers had commercial or military strategic interests
•
people making great fortunes in this process
•
Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902)
•
Africa was also Indianized
•
the British increasingly used laws which they had developed in India
•
the institutions of the Raj
•
repurposed and adapted
•
not just the administrators form India who were redeployed
•
by colonizing Africa, it was brought in closer proximity to India itself
•
professionals moved to Africa
•
increasingly created new trade relations
•
in some areas more Indian colonists than British
•
especially in South Africa, Indians were a labor force
•
many Indians moved to Africa
•
plantations and mines after slavery was abolished in 1833
•
many Indians began working in near-slave conditions
•
one of the biggest projects was for the Ugandan railroads
•
to connect the landlocked country so that it could trade with India
•
which opened the interior of East Africa to the Indian Ocean
•
officials were brought in from India
•
traders
•
workers
•
one half of the British army was from India
•
played a role in putting down resistance against the British
•
created ongoing tensions between the African population and the Indian immigrant population