EDWARD'S LECTURE NOTES:
More notes at http://tanguay.info/learntracker
C O U R S E 
A History of the World since 1300
Jeremy Adelman, Princeton University
https://www.coursera.org/#course/wh1300
C O U R S E   L E C T U R E 
19th Century Global Export-Led Growth
Notes taken on January 1, 2017 by Edward Tanguay
economic model: export-led growth
changed formerly inwardly-oriented villages
led to villages in Africa, Latin America, and Asia, which produced not for themselves but for the rest of the world
had a dramatic effect on the hinterland regions in particular on the relationship between humans and other animals
consumers would have a powerful effect on natural environments around the globe
converted complex ecosystems into homogeneous ecosystems
dedicated not for many kinds of commodities for their own consumption, but for a single commodity for other people's consumption
dominated by a single plant or animal species, i.e. the staple commodity, for the consumption of another species, i.e. humans
this changed the relationship between homo sapiens and other animals and plants
specialization
begins with sugar
the model spreads
e.g. towns produced only sugar and imported everything else they need
we often think animals are in trouble when we become to predatory
we hunt them down and cause their extinction
this sometimes happens
but what also happens is the lands that a species require and the sophisticated ecosystems that they need, are eradicated, deforested, or drained, transformed for the production of commodities for other people's consumption
the human/elephant frontier in China
Southern China, driving elephants from their habitats
after 1850, this allowed world population to explode
1700: 625 million people
1900: 1.65 billion people
a 2.5 fold increase
unprecedented
2000: 6 billion people
most dense in China, India and Europe
but the frontier regions were the areas of the world which were the fastest growing
a war for land
Adam Smith called the frontier the wastelands
sometimes humans paid a high price but almost always eventually won these wars
Kenya: Masai Land
once belonged to the Masai people
they got involuntarily inducted into the British Empire
was a diversified ecology
farmers and grazers
became the subject for commodity production
coffee plantations
ranching industries
grasslands began to be closed
in droughts, the Masai people and elephants used to move about to search for water
1910: disease, famine, and a restricted land, the elephant population declined through failure to reproduce
compounded by hunting of elephants for their tusks
e.g. 1909 Teddy Roosevelt