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as you get to Jupiter and beyond, you get to the frost line

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bodies are icier than rocky

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the moons of Jupiter and the moons further out tend to have more ice on their surfaces and interiors

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how ice fractures is different than it fractures on earth

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icy moons

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a group of small bodies

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orbit the giant gas planets

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also in the Kuiper Belt there are icy bodies

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1000 kilometers across or smaller

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generally composed of 50% or more of water ice

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a mix of ices

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mostly water ice

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low-temperature melting materials

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carbon dioxide

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carbon monoxide

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Triton

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orbits Neptune

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nitrogen gas is so cold it freezes on the surface

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the moons are so interesting because they have this water ice

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Europa (Jupiter), Ganymede (Jupiter), Callisto (Jupiter), Titan (Saturn), Triton (Neptune)

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interior temperatures are warm enough that it will actually melt those ices

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spacecraft that have gone to these bodies have detected the magnetic signature of water oceans that lie deep in the interior

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Europa (Jupiter)

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ocean lies on top of a silicate rocky core

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liquid is where life could exist

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not a lot of sunlight there

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life would have to rely on chemical energy

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could be bacterial life

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Ganymede

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the largest moon in the solar system

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the third moon out from Jupiter

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parts of its surface appear old and parts appear young

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it has its own magnetic field

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generated possibly by a liquid core inside the moon

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only two other bodies have that kind of magnetosphere: the Earth and Mercury

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for an icy moon to have one is still a bit of a puzzle