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Mark Antony and Octavian

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44 BC: Caesar's assassination, Mark Antony rises to power

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Octavian was only 19 and grand nephew of Caesar, tries to overthrow him and fails

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43 BC: Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus form Second Triumvirate

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42 BC: Octavian and Antony join military forces and defeat Cassius and Brutus at the Battle of Philippi

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Mark Antony joins Cleopatra

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Octavian realizes Antony is distracted, a perfect time to reach for supreme power

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31 BC: defeats Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium

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Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide

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Augustus

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27 BC: Octavian becomes Augustus

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14 AD: Octavian dies still as emperor

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was transformed into a god as Caesar had been

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leaves documents:

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"I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble"

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much truth to this

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lists dozens of building projects he was involved in

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82 temples that he either restored or built in Rome itself

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gives a sense of Octavian's building objectives

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some of the buildings still survive

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rebuilds Rome in the model of Athens in ancient Greece

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a high quality marble was available to Rome in close proximity

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before this there had been some flirtation with marble from foreign quarries, and they made faux marble walls, but real marble was difficult to obtain

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began to mine the marble from Luna (present day Carrara, near present day Sarzana), same quarry used centuries later by Michelangelo

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since it was on the coast, it was fairly easy to load it and transport it to Rome

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Carrara today

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still have marble exhibition, compete for sculpting prizes